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Respiratory Pathogen Distribution During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic

20 maj 2026 uppdaterad av: Bekir Sami Uyanık, Hisar Intercontinental Hospital

Comparative Analysis of Respiratory Pathogens During and After the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: A Retrospective Multiplex PCR-Based Study

This retrospective observational study aims to evaluate changes in the prevalence and distribution of respiratory pathogens detected by multiplex respiratory polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing during and after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The study includes 537 patients presenting with respiratory infection symptoms at a tertiary care center. Patients were divided into pandemic-period and post-pandemic-period groups, and respiratory pathogen profiles were compared between the groups.

The study investigates the epidemiological impact of COVID-19-related public health measures on respiratory pathogen circulation patterns, including bacterial and viral respiratory infections. The findings may contribute to improved respiratory infection surveillance, diagnostic strategies, and post-pandemic public health preparedness.

Studieöversikt

Detaljerad beskrivning

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly altered the epidemiology of respiratory infections worldwide. Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), including mask use, social distancing, travel restrictions, enhanced hygiene measures, and lockdown policies, were implemented primarily to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission. However, these interventions also affected the circulation patterns of other respiratory pathogens.

Several studies have demonstrated substantial reductions in influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and other respiratory viral infections during periods of strict public health measures. Following the relaxation of these interventions, many regions experienced re-emergence and altered seasonal patterns of respiratory pathogens. Continuous surveillance of respiratory infections has therefore become increasingly important for both clinical management and public health preparedness.

This retrospective observational cohort study aims to evaluate changes in respiratory pathogen prevalence during and after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic using multiplex respiratory PCR testing data obtained from patients presenting with respiratory infection symptoms at a tertiary care center. A total of 537 patients were included and categorized into pandemic-period and post-pandemic-period groups.

Demographic characteristics and multiplex PCR results were analyzed and compared between the groups. Respiratory pathogens evaluated in the study included bacterial and viral agents such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Influenza A/B, SARS-CoV-2, RSV, Rhinovirus, Bocavirus, Parainfluenza virus, Coronavirus, and Metapneumovirus.

The study aims to contribute to understanding the long-term epidemiological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated public health measures on respiratory pathogen distribution. In addition, the findings may support future infection surveillance strategies, diagnostic approaches, and healthcare preparedness in post-pandemic periods.

Studietyp

Observationell

Inskrivning (Faktisk)

537

Kontakter och platser

Det här avsnittet innehåller kontaktuppgifter för dem som genomför studien och information om var denna studie genomförs.

Studieorter

Deltagandekriterier

Forskare letar efter personer som passar en viss beskrivning, så kallade behörighetskriterier. Några exempel på dessa kriterier är en persons allmänna hälsotillstånd eller tidigare behandlingar.

Urvalskriterier

Åldrar som är berättigade till studier

  • Barn
  • Vuxen
  • Äldre vuxen

Tar emot friska volontärer

Nej

Testmetod

Icke-sannolikhetsprov

Studera befolkning

The study population consisted of patients presenting with respiratory infection symptoms who underwent multiplex respiratory polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing at a tertiary care center during the pandemic and post-pandemic periods. Patients with complete demographic and laboratory data were included in the analysis.

Beskrivning

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Adults and/or pediatric patients presenting with respiratory infection symptoms
  • Patients who underwent multiplex respiratory PCR testing
  • Patients with complete demographic and laboratory records
  • Patients included during the defined pandemic or post-pandemic study periods

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Incomplete laboratory or demographic data
  • Duplicate test records from the same infection episode
  • Invalid or inconclusive PCR results
  • Patients without respiratory infection symptoms

Studieplan

Det här avsnittet ger detaljer om studieplanen, inklusive hur studien är utformad och vad studien mäter.

Hur är studien utformad?

Designdetaljer

Kohorter och interventioner

Grupp / Kohort
Pandemic Period Group
Patients presenting with respiratory infection symptoms who underwent multiplex respiratory PCR testing during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic period.
Post-Pandemic Period Group
Patients presenting with respiratory infection symptoms who underwent multiplex respiratory PCR testing during the post-pandemic normalization period.

Vad mäter studien?

Primära resultatmått

Resultatmått
Åtgärdsbeskrivning
Tidsram
Change in the prevalence of respiratory pathogens between the pandemic and post-pandemic periods
Tidsram: Retrospectively assessed at the time of respiratory PCR testing during the study periods. Pandemic period: March 2020 - May 2023 Post-pandemic period: June 2023 - December 202
The primary outcome is the difference in detection rates of respiratory pathogens identified by multiplex respiratory PCR testing between the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic period and the post-pandemic period.
Retrospectively assessed at the time of respiratory PCR testing during the study periods. Pandemic period: March 2020 - May 2023 Post-pandemic period: June 2023 - December 202

Samarbetspartners och utredare

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Publikationer och användbara länkar

Den som ansvarar för att lägga in information om studien tillhandahåller frivilligt dessa publikationer. Dessa kan handla om allt som har med studien att göra.

Allmänna publikationer

Studieavstämningsdatum

Dessa datum spårar framstegen för inlämningar av studieposter och sammanfattande resultat till ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieposter och rapporterade resultat granskas av National Library of Medicine (NLM) för att säkerställa att de uppfyller specifika kvalitetskontrollstandarder innan de publiceras på den offentliga webbplatsen.

Studera stora datum

Studiestart (Faktisk)

1 januari 2021

Primärt slutförande (Faktisk)

30 december 2024

Avslutad studie (Faktisk)

30 december 2024

Studieregistreringsdatum

Först inskickad

13 maj 2026

Först inskickad som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna

20 maj 2026

Första postat (Faktisk)

22 maj 2026

Uppdateringar av studier

Senaste uppdatering publicerad (Faktisk)

22 maj 2026

Senaste inskickade uppdateringen som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna

20 maj 2026

Senast verifierad

1 maj 2026

Mer information

Termer relaterade till denna studie

Plan för individuella deltagardata (IPD)

Planerar du att dela individuella deltagardata (IPD)?

NEJ

IPD-planbeskrivning

Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared because this retrospective study contains hospital-based patient data, and sharing such data may compromise patient confidentiality and institutional data protection policies.

Läkemedels- och apparatinformation, studiedokument

Studerar en amerikansk FDA-reglerad läkemedelsprodukt

Nej

Studerar en amerikansk FDA-reglerad produktprodukt

Nej

Denna information hämtades direkt från webbplatsen clinicaltrials.gov utan några ändringar. Om du har några önskemål om att ändra, ta bort eller uppdatera dina studieuppgifter, vänligen kontakta register@clinicaltrials.gov. Så snart en ändring har implementerats på clinicaltrials.gov, kommer denna att uppdateras automatiskt även på vår webbplats .

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