Candesartan Antihypertensive Survival Evaluation in Japan (CASE-J) Trial of Cardiovascular Events in High-Risk Hypertensive Patients

The purpose of this study is to compare an angiotensin II receptor antagonist (candesartan cilexetil- Blopress®) and a calcium channel blocker (amlodipine besilate- Norvasc®/Amlodin®) in terms of the incidence of cardiovascular events among high-risk hypertensive patients.

Study Overview

• Status: Unknown
• Conditions: Cardiovascular Diseases; Hypertension
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Candesartan cilexetil

Detailed Description

Hypertension continues to be a major public health issue in the world. To combat this problem, many antihypertensive drugs have been developed and proven effective at controlling blood pressure in the last half century. In recent decades, antihypertensive drugs have been shown to have cardiovascular benefits beyond the reduction of blood pressure, and the focus has shifted to clarification of these effects. Angiotensin II receptor antagonists and calcium channel blockers are the most widely used antihypertensive drugs in Japan. However, these two classes of drugs have not yet been compared with respect to their efficacy for treating cardiovascular events.

Comparison: Response-dependent dose titration and blinded assessment of endpoints in high risk hypertensive patients treated with either an angiotensin II receptor antagonist (candesartan cilexetil) compared to a third-generation calcium channel blocker (amlodipine besilate).

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment: 3200
• Phase: Phase 3

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Japan
  • Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto
    • Kyoto, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan, 606-8501
      • Kyoto University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 25 years to 85 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mmHg in those <70 years old or ≥160 mmHg in those ≥70 years old or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mmHg in a sitting position on two consecutive measurements at clinic

• At least one of the following risk factors:

  • SBP ≥180 mmHg or DBP ≥110 mmHg on two consecutive visits;
  • Type 2 diabetes (fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dl, causal blood glucose ≥200 mg/dl, HbA1c ≥6.5%, 2 hours blood glucose on 75 g oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT] ≥200 mg/dl, or current treatment with hypoglycemic agent);
  • History of cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, or transient ischemic attack until 6 months prior to the screening;
  • Thickness of the posterior wall of left ventricle or thickness of the wall of interventricular septum ≥12 mm on echocardiography or Sv1＋Rv5 ≥35 mm on electrocardiography, angina pectoris, and a past history (≥6 months before giving informed consent) of myocardial infarction;
  • Proteinuria ≥＋1 or renal impairment (serum creatinine ≥1.3 mg/dl) within 3 months at the time of giving informed consent;
  • Arteriosclerotic peripheral arterial obstruction (Fontaine class ≥2); *Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

Exclusion Criteria:

• SBP ≥200 mmHg or DBP ≥120 mmHg in a sitting position
• Type I diabetes mellitus
• History of myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular accidents within 6 months prior to the screening
• Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) done within 6 months of screening or scheduled
• Current treatment for congestive cardiac failure (New York Heart Association [NYHA] functional class II or severer) or ejection fraction <40%
• Coronary artery disease requiring αβ blocker or calcium channel blocker
• Atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter
• Renal dysfunction (serum creatinine ≥3 mg/dl)
• Hepatic dysfunction (AST and/or ALT ≥100 IU/l)
• A history of malignant tumor within 5 years of enrollment or suspected
• Contraindication for candesartan cilexetil or amlodipine besilate
• Pregnancy, possible pregnancy, or plan to conceive a child within 5 years of enrollment
• Not suited to the clinical trial as judged by a collaborating physician
• Inability to give informed consent

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Sudden death: death of endogenous origin within 24 hours after acute onset
Cerebrovascular events: new occurrence or recurrence of a stroke or transient ischemic attack
Cardiac events: new occurrence, aggravation, or recurrence of heart failure, angina pectoris, or acute myocardial infarction
Renal dysfunction: serum creatinine ≥4.0 mg/dl, end stage renal disease, doubling of serum creatinine (however, creatinine ≤2.0 mg/dl is not regarded as an event)
Vascular events: new occurrence or aggravation of dissecting aneurysm of aorta, arteriosclerotic occlusion of peripheral artery

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
All deaths
Involution of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVMI)
Proportion of the subjects who withdrew from the allocated treatment

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: The Japanese Society of Hypertension
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Takao Saruta, M.D., Keio University

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Fukui T, Rahman M, Hayashi K, Takeda K, Higaki J, Sato T, Fukushima M, Sakamoto J, Morita S, Ogihara T, Fukiyama K, Fujishima M, Saruta T; CASE-J Study Group. Candesartan Antihypertensive Survival Evaluation in Japan (CASE-J) trial of cardiovascular events in high-risk hypertensive patients: rationale, design, and methods. Hypertens Res. 2003 Dec;26(12):979-90. doi: 10.1291/hypres.26.979.
• Ogihara T, Nakao K, Fukui T, Fukiyama K, Fujimoto A, Ueshima K, Oba K, Shimamoto K, Matsuoka H, Saruta T; CASE-J Trial Group. The optimal target blood pressure for antihypertensive treatment in Japanese elderly patients with high-risk hypertension: a subanalysis of the Candesartan Antihypertensive Survival Evaluation in Japan (CASE-J) trial. Hypertens Res. 2008 Aug;31(8):1595-601. doi: 10.1291/hypres.31.1595.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: September 1, 2001
• Study Completion: December 1, 2005

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 29, 2005
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 29, 2005
• First Posted (Estimate): August 1, 2005

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): August 10, 2005
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 8, 2005
• Last Verified: April 1, 2005

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Hypertension; clinical trial; Candesartan Antihypertensive Survival Evaluation in Japan trial; candesartan cilexetil; amlodipine besilate
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Vascular Diseases; Hypertension; Cardiovascular Diseases; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Antihypertensive Agents; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Candesartan; Candesartan cilexetil
• Other Study ID Numbers: JSH-00001