Triapine, Cisplatin, and Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Cervical Cancer or Vaginal Cancer

A Phase 2 Study of Triapine® (NSC #663249) and Cisplatin in Combination With Pelvic Radiation for Treatment of Stage IB2-IVa Cervical Cancer or Stage II-IV Vaginal Cancer

This phase II trial is studying how triapine and cisplatin given together with radiation therapy works in treating patients with cervical cancer or vaginal cancer. Triapine may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as cisplatin, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays to kill tumor cells. Giving triapine together with cisplatin may make tumor cells more sensitive to radiation therapy.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Recurrent Cervical Cancer; Recurrent Vaginal Cancer; Stage IB Cervical Cancer; Stage II Vaginal Cancer; Stage IIA Cervical Cancer; Stage IIB Cervical Cancer; Stage III Cervical Cancer; Stage III Vaginal Cancer; Stage IVA Cervical Cancer; Stage IVA Vaginal Cancer; Stage IVB Cervical Cancer; Stage IVB Vaginal Cancer; Therapy-related Toxicity
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: triapine; Other: questionnaire administration; Procedure: quality-of-life assessment; Drug: cisplatin; Procedure: positron emission tomography; Procedure: computed tomography; Radiation: external beam radiation therapy; Radiation: fludeoxyglucose F 18

Detailed Description

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To determine three-month fasting F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET/CT) imaging complete metabolic response as defined by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) PET study group.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To determine 6-month progression-free survival rate as calculated from the date of first treatment until date of disease progression, relapse, or death.

II. To quantitate change in pre-treatment standard uptake value (SUV) on PET/CT and post-treatment PET/CT or disease progression PET/CT.

III. To quantitate pre-treatment, during treatment and 3-mo post-treatment grade 2 or higher gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and sexual function toxicity resulting from Triapine®, cisplatin, and radiation therapy as measured by CTCAE v3.0, which will be utilized until December 31, 2010; CTCAE v4.0 will be utilized beginning January 1, 2011.

IV. To associate smoking habit (non-smoker, smoker who quit during therapy, smoker) with 3-mo post-treatment PET/CT metabolic response and 3-mo best overall clinical response as measured by RECIST criteria after Triapine®, cisplatin, and radiation therapy.

V. To associate HPV or non-HPV sub-type cervical cancer with 3-mo post-treatment PET/CT metabolic response and 3-mo best overall clinical response as measured by RECIST criteria after Triapine®, cisplatin, and radiation therapy.

OUTLINE: This is a multicenter study. Patients are stratified according to brachytherapy treatment (planned intracavitary brachytherapy vs none).

Patients receive cisplatin IV over 90 minutes on days 2, 9, 16, 23, and 30 and triapine IV on days 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, 15, 17, 19, 22, 24, 26, 29, 31, and 33. Patients also undergo pelvic external beam radiotherapy 5 days a week during weeks 1-5. Patients may undergo parametrial boost radiation and intracavitary low-dose or high-dose rate brachytherapy as clinically indicated.

Patients undergo whole-body F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-PET/CT imaging at baseline, at 3 months after completion of study treatment, and at disease progression. Patients complete Sexual Function-Vaginal Changes Questionnaire and a smoking behavior questionnaire at baseline, at 3 months after completion of study treatment, and at disease progression.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed periodically for up to 5 years.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 26
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Ohio
    • Cleveland, Ohio, United States, 44106
      • Case Western Reserve University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: Female

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Female patients must have histologically confirmed (tumor tissue biopsy) primary clinical stage IB2-IVB cervical cancer or clinical stage II-IVB vaginal cancer not amenable to curative surgical resection alone to be eligible; patients with stage IVB cervical cancer may receive systemic chemotherapy for treatment of metastatic disease a) after the 3-month post-therapy PET scan and b) if the 3-month post-therapy PET scan documents progressive disease at the discretion of the treating physician
• Patients with other active invasive malignancies are excluded; patients with prior malignancies (except non-melanoma skin cancer or prior in situ carcinoma of the cervix, patients with synchronous or past history of primary endometrial cancer meeting all conditions of a) stage not greater than IB, b) no more than superficial myometrial invasion, c) without vascular or lymphatic invasion, and d) no poorly differentiated subtypes including papillary serous, clear cell or other FIGO grade 3 lesions; patients with other invasive malignancies who had (or have) cancer present within the last five years are excluded; patients are excluded if they have received prior low abdominal or pelvic radiotherapy for any reason that would contribute radiation dose that would exceed tolerance of normal tissues
• Life expectancy of greater than 3 months
• Absolute neutrophil count >= 1,500/uL
• Platelets >= 100,000/uL
• Hemoglobin >= 10 g/dL
• Total bilirubin =< 2.0 mg/dL
• AST(SGOT)/ALT(SGPT) =< 2.5 X institutional upper limit of normal
• PT/aPTT =< 1.5 X institutional upper limit of normal

• Patients should have a serum creatinine =< 1.5mg/dL to receive weekly intravenous cisplatin chemotherapy

  • Patients whose serum creatinine is between 1.5 and 1.9 mg/dL are eligible for cisplatin chemotherapy if the estimated creatinine clearance is >= 30 ml/min; patients eligible for cisplatin chemotherapy using the criteria for creatinine clearance may also receive intravenous Triapine®
• Women of child-bearing potential and male partners must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry and for the duration of study participation; should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately
• Patients must demonstrate ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients who have had chemotherapy or radiotherapy within 4 weeks (6 weeks for nitrosoureas or mitomycin C) prior to entering the study or those who have not recovered from adverse events due to agents administered more than 4 weeks earlier are excluded
• Patients may not be receiving any other investigational agents
• Patients with known brain metastases should be excluded from this clinical trial because of their poor prognosis and because they often develop progressive neurological dysfunction that would confound the evaluation of neurological and other adverse events
• History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to Triapine® or other agents used in study
• Patients unable to receive intravenous chemotherapies as a consequence of poor vascular access are ineligible
• Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, known inadequately controlled hypertension, significant pulmonary disease including dyspnea at rest, patients requiring supplemental oxygen, or poor pulmonary reserve; proteinuria or clinically significant renal function impairment (baseline serum creatinine > 2mg/dL), or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements are excluded
• Patients with known glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD) are excluded as the antidote methylene blue for Triapine® toxicity may be at best ineffective in such patients and may have the potential to complicate the clinical situation by provoking hemolysis
• Pregnant women are excluded from this study because Triapine® is a heterocyclic carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone with the potential for teratogenic or abortifacient effects; screening beta-hcg levels and diagnostic tests will be used to determine eligibility; because there is an unknown but potential risk for adverse events in nursing infants secondary to treatment of the mother with Triapine®, breastfeeding should be discontinued if the mother is treated with Triapine®; these potential risks may also apply to other agents used in this study
• Patients not willing to agree to use appropriate contraception while on trial will be excluded
• HIV-positive patients on combination antiretroviral therapy are ineligible because of the potential for pharmacokinetic interactions with Triapine®; in addition, these patients are at increased risk of lethal infections when treated with marrow-suppressive therapy; appropriate studies will be undertaken in patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy when indicated; HIV testing is not mandatory; patients that are known to be HIV-positive are ineligible if they are receiving combination antiretroviral therapy

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Intervention / Treatment

Experimental: Treatment (cisplatin, triapine, radiation therapy); Patients receive cisplatin IV over 90 minutes on days 2, 9, 16, 23, and 30 and triapine IV on days 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, 15, 17, 19, 22, 24, 26, 29, 31, and 33. Patients also undergo pelvic external beam radiotherapy 5 days a week during weeks 1-5. Patients may undergo parametrial boost radiation and intracavitary low-dose or high-dose rate brachytherapy as clinically indicated. Patients undergo whole-body F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-PET/CT imaging at baseline, at 3 months after completion of study treatment, and at disease progression. Patients complete Sexual Function-Vaginal Changes Questionnaire and a smoking behavior questionnaire at baseline, at 3 months after completion of study treatment, and at disease progression.

Drug: triapine; Given IV; Other Names: 3-AP; OCX-191; Other: questionnaire administration; Ancillary studies; Procedure: quality-of-life assessment; Ancillary studies; Other Names: quality of life assessment; Drug: cisplatin; Given IV; Other Names: CDDP; DDP; CACP; CPDD; Procedure: positron emission tomography; Undergo FDG-PET/CT; Other Names: PET; FDG-PET; PET scan; tomography, emission computed; Procedure: computed tomography; Undergo FDG-PET/CT; Other Names: tomography, computed; Radiation: external beam radiation therapy; Undergo pelvic external beam radiation therapy; Other Names: EBRT; Radiation: fludeoxyglucose F 18; Undergo FDG-PET/CT; Other Names: 18FDG; FDG

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Fasting F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) Positron Emission Tomography (PET/CT) Imaging Complete Metabolic Response, Reported Following National Cancer Institute (NCI) and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Guidelines.	To quantitate change in pre-treatment standard uptake value (SUV) on PET/CT and posttreatment PET/CT or disease progression PET/CT. Change in PET/CT SUV will be associated with 3-month best overall clinical response.	post therapy at 3 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Clinical and Objective Response Assignment	Number of patients with a complete clinical responses defined as disappearance of all target lesions. A complete metabolic response on PET/CT will be defined as absence of abnormal FDG uptake at sites of abnormal FDG uptake noted on pre-treatment FDG-PET study.	post therapy at 3 months
Clinical and Objective Response Assignment	Number of patients with a complete clinical responses defined as disappearance of all target lesions. A complete metabolic response on PET/CT will be defined as absence of abnormal FDG uptake at sites of abnormal FDG uptake noted on pre-treatment FDG-PET study.	one month follow up assessment
Clinical and Objective Response Assignment	Number of patients with a complete clinical responses defined as disappearance of all target lesions. A complete metabolic response on PET/CT will be defined as absence of abnormal FDG uptake at sites of abnormal FDG uptake noted on pre-treatment FDG-PET study.	three month follow up assessment
Percent of Patients With Incidence of Grade 2 or Higher Gastrointestinal and Genitourinary Toxicity, Assessed Using CTCAE v3.0 Until December 31, 2010 and CTCAE v4.0 Beginning January 1, 2011	Information will include the type, severity, time of onset, time of resolution, and the probable association with the study regimen. Frequency tables will be constructed to summarize observed incidence by severity and type of toxicity.	After 5 weeks of radiation therapy
Progression-free Survival	Percentage of patients that did not have disease progression. Estimates of progression-free survival will be computed using the product-limit estimate of Kaplan and Meier.	at 18 months from study entry
PET/CT Scan Metabolic Activity	Descriptive tabular data reporting mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum provided by metabolic response cohort. Status of 3-month post-treatment metabolic response associated with clinical response measured by RECIST criteria and with overall clinical outcome. Kaplan-Meier (product-limit) method of survival estimation used. Tests of equivalence of the estimates compared using the Wilcoxon long-rank test using P 0.05. Cox proportional hazards regression models used in multivariate analyses.	Baseline (pre-therapy)
PET/CT Scan Metabolic Activity	Descriptive tabular data reporting mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum provided by metabolic response cohort. Status of 3-month post-treatment metabolic response associated with clinical response measured by RECIST criteria and with overall clinical outcome. Kaplan-Meier (product-limit) method of survival estimation used. Tests of equivalence of the estimates compared using the Wilcoxon long-rank test using P 0.05. Cox proportional hazards regression models used in multivariate analyses.	3 months post-treatment
PET/CT Scan Metabolic Activity	Descriptive tabular data reporting mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum provided by metabolic response cohort. Status of 3-month post-treatment metabolic response associated with clinical response measured by RECIST criteria and with overall clinical outcome. Kaplan-Meier (product-limit) method of survival estimation used. Tests of equivalence of the estimates compared using the Wilcoxon long-rank test using P 0.05. Cox proportional hazards regression models used in multivariate analyses.	Up to 5 years
Change in Sexual Function, Assessed Using the Sexual Function-Vaginal Changes Questionnaire		Baseline to up to 5 years
Change in Smoking Behavior, Assessed Using the Smoking Questionnaire and Cessation Counseling		18 months from study entry
Progression Free Survival by HPV Subtype	Tabular descriptive data will be presented. HPV sub-type will be associated with treatment related toxicity, clinical response, PET metabolic response, and overall clinical outcome. Kaplan-Meier (product-limit) method of survival estimation will be used. Tests of equivalence of the estimates will be compared using the Wilcoxon long-rank test using a threshold for statistical significance of P 0.05. Cox proportional hazards regression models will be used in multivariate analyses.	Baseline

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Charles Kunos, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Yun T, Liu Z, Wang J, Wang R, Zhu L, Zhu Z, Wang X. Microenvironment immune response induced by tumor ferroptosis-the application of nanomedicine. Front Oncol. 2022 Sep 16;12:1019654. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1019654. eCollection 2022.
• Chao J, Synold TW, Morgan RJ Jr, Kunos C, Longmate J, Lenz HJ, Lim D, Shibata S, Chung V, Stoller RG, Belani CP, Gandara DR, McNamara M, Gitlitz BJ, Lau DH, Ramalingam SS, Davies A, Espinoza-Delgado I, Newman EM, Yen Y. A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of oral 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (3-AP, NSC #663249) in the treatment of advanced-stage solid cancers: a California Cancer Consortium Study. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2012 Mar;69(3):835-43. doi: 10.1007/s00280-011-1779-5. Epub 2011 Nov 22.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: July 1, 2009
• Primary Completion (Actual): April 1, 2012
• Study Completion (Actual): July 1, 2012

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 16, 2009
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 16, 2009
• First Posted (Estimate): July 17, 2009

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): November 17, 2017
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 16, 2017
• Last Verified: October 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Neoplasms; Urogenital Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Site; Uterine Neoplasms; Genital Neoplasms, Female; Uterine Cervical Diseases; Uterine Diseases; Disease Attributes; Vaginal Diseases; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Recurrence; Vaginal Neoplasms; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Radiopharmaceuticals; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
• Other Study ID Numbers: NCI-2012-02896 (Registry Identifier: CTRP (Clinical Trial Reporting Program)); U01CA062502 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract); P30CA043703 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract); CDR0000647544; CASE 11808 (Other Identifier: Case Comprehensive Cancer Center); 8327 (Other Identifier: CTEP)