Safety of a Live Attenuated Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 2 (HPIV2) Vaccine for Adults, Children, and Infants

A Phase I Study of the Safety and Immunogenicity of the Recombinant Live-Attenuated Human Parainfluenza Type 2 Virus Vaccine, rHPIV2 15C/948L/Δ1724 Lot PIV2#109C, Delivered as Nose Drops to Adults 18 to 49 Years of Age, HPIV2-Seropositive Children 15 to 59 Months of Age, and HPIV2-Seronegative Infants and Children 6 to 59 Months of Age

Human parainfluenza virus type 2 (HPIV2) can result in severe respiratory illness in infants and young children. This study will test the safety of and immune response to an HPIV2 vaccine aimed at infants and children.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Human Parainfluenza Virus 2
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Placebo; Biological: Standard Dose HPIV2 Vaccine; Biological: Low dose HPIV2 vaccine

Detailed Description

HPIV2 is a virus that can cause severe respiratory illnesses, such as pneumonia and bronchiolitis, in infants and young children. Approximately 3% of all hospitalizations for respiratory tract diseases among infants and children are the result of HPIV2. Efforts to develop a vaccine for HPIV2 have focused on a live attenuated intranasally administered vaccine, a type of vaccine that uses a live virus that has been modified to make it weaker and easier for the immune system to get rid of. This approach is useful for several reasons: it activates two of the body's natural defenses, the antibody-mediated and the cell-mediated responses; it is immunogenic in infants who still have maternal antibodies; and it induces a mucosal immune response. This study will test the safety and immunogenicity of an HPIV2 vaccine in adults, children, and then infants.

This study will have four groups and will proceed in a step-wise fashion. The first group will consist only of adults receiving the HPIV2 vaccine. If it is deemed safe after that, children from ages 15 to 59 months who already have HPIV2 antibodies will be randomly assigned to receive either the vaccine or a placebo. The third group includes infants and children from 6 to 59 months old who do not have HPIV2 antibodies and will be randomly assigned either a lower dose of the vaccine or a placebo. The fourth group also includes infants and children from 6 to 59 months old who do not have HPIV2 antibodies and will be randomly assigned a standard dose vaccine or placebo. The vaccine will be administered as a nose drop in a single dose for all groups.

Assessments for the first two groups will take place over the 11 days following administration of the vaccine and at a 28-day follow-up. The third and fourth groups will include 22 days of assessments after vaccination, one assessment between Days 23 and 26, and assessments on Days 27, 28, 29, and 56. Measures will include a clinical assessment, a nasal wash, a phone report, and taking a temperature. Measurement of serum HPIV2 antibodies will take place at baseline and after 28 (for groups one and two) or 56 (for groups three and four) days.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 45
• Phase: Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Maryland
    • Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21205
      • Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 6 months to 49 years (Child, Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria for Adults:

• 18 to 49 years old
• In good health, measured by lack of significant medical illness, physical examination findings, or significant laboratory abnormalities of urinalysis, complete blood count (CBC), ALT, or creatinine, as determined by the investigator

Exclusion Criteria for Adults:

• Pregnancy
• Breastfeeding
• Females of childbearing potential who are unwilling to practice effective birth control
• Evidence of clinically significant neurologic, cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic, rheumatologic, autoimmune, or renal disease by history, physical examination, or laboratory studies, including urinalysis
• Behavioral, cognitive, or psychiatric disease that, in the opinion of the investigator, affects the ability of the participant to understand and cooperate with the study protocol
• Other condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, would jeopardize the safety or rights of a participant participating in the study or would render the participant unable to comply with the protocol
• Has had medical, occupational, or family problems as a result of alcohol or illicit drug use during the past 12 months
• History of a severe allergic reaction or anaphylaxis
• History of splenectomy
• Diagnosis of asthma within the past 2 years
• Positive enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and confirmatory Western blot tests for HIV-1
• Positive ELISA and confirmatory immunoblot tests for hepatitis C virus (HCV)
• Positive ELISA hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) test
• Abnormal urinalysis or urine dip
• Known immunodeficiency syndrome
• Current use of nasal or systemic steroid medications
• Receipt of blood products (including immunoglobulin) within the past 3 months
• Current smoker unwilling to stop smoking for the duration of the study
• Participation in another investigational vaccine or drug study within 30 days of receiving the investigational vaccine
• Receipt of a live vaccine within the past 4 weeks or a killed vaccine within the past 2 weeks or immune globulin within the last 3 months prior to receiving the investigational vaccine
• Previous immunization with an HPIV2 vaccine
• Known hypersensitivity to any vaccine component
• Professional or personal responsibilities involve caring for children less than 59 months of age or for immunosuppressed individuals
• Systolic blood pressure greater than 140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure greater than 90 mm Hg
• Body mass Index (BMI) greater than 35

Inclusion Criteria for Seropositive Children:

• Children 15 to 59 months of age
• Parent or guardian understands and signs the informed consent
• Seropositive for HPIV2, as defined by serum hemagglutinin inhibition (HAI) antibody titer in ratio greater than 1:8
• History has been reviewed and participant has undergone a physical examination indicating good health
• Participant is expected to be available for the duration of the study

Exclusion Criteria for Seropositive Children:

• Known or suspected impairment of immunological functions, including maternal history of positive HIV test, receiving immunosuppressive therapy, including systemic corticosteroids or bone marrow/solid organ transplant recipients (topical steroids, topical antibiotics, and topical antifungal medications are acceptable)
• Major congenital malformations, including congenital cleft palate, cytogenetic abnormalities, or serious chronic disorders
• Previous immunization with an HPIV2 vaccine
• Current use of nasal or systemic steroid medications
• Previous serious vaccine-associated adverse event or anaphylactic reaction
• Known hypersensitivity to any vaccine component
• Lung or heart disease, including reactive airway disease. Participants with clinically insignificant cardiac abnormalities requiring no treatment may be enrolled. Participants who wheezed once or received bronchodilator therapy once in the first year of life but who have not had any additional wheezing episodes or bronchodilator therapy for at least 12 months may also be enrolled.
• Member of a household that includes an immunocompromised individual or infants less than 6 months of age
• Attends day care with infants less than 6 months of age or immunosuppressed individuals, and parent or guardian is unable or unwilling to suspend daycare for 14 days following immunization. Children who attend facilities that separate children by age and minimize opportunities for transmission of virus through direct physical or aerosol contact are acceptable
• Participation in another investigational vaccine or drug trial within 30 days of receiving the investigational vaccine, or while this study is ongoing

Inclusion Criteria for Seronegative Infants and Children:

• Children and infants 6 to 59 months of age
• Parents or guardians can understand and sign the informed consent
• Seronegative for HPIV2 antibody, as defined by serum antibody titer HAI ratio less than or equal to 1:8, as determined within 28 days prior to inoculation
• History has been reviewed and subject has undergone a physical examination indicating good health
• Participant is expected to be available for the duration of the study

Exclusion Criteria for Seronegative Infants and Children:

• Known or suspected impairment of immunological functions, including maternal history of positive HIV test, receiving immunosuppressive therapy, including systemic corticosteroids or bone marrow/solid organ transplant recipients (topical steroids, topical antibiotics, and topical antifungal medications are acceptable)
• Major congenital malformations, including congenital cleft palate, cytogenetic abnormalities, or serious chronic disorders
• Previous immunization with an HPIV2 vaccine
• Current use of nasal or systemic steroid medications
• Previous serious vaccine-associated adverse event or anaphylactic reaction
• Known hypersensitivity to any vaccine component
• Lung or heart disease, including reactive airway disease. Participants with clinically insignificant cardiac abnormalities requiring no treatment and those who wheezed once or received bronchodilator therapy once in the first year of life but who have not had any additional wheezing episodes or bronchodilator therapy for at least 12 months may be enrolled.
• Member of a household that includes an immunocompromised individual or infant less than 6 months of age
• Attends day care with infants less than 6 months of age or immunosuppressed individuals, and parent or guardian is unable or unwilling to suspend daycare for 14 days following immunization. Children who attend facilities that separate children by age and minimize opportunities for transmission of virus through direct physical or aerosol contact are acceptable.
• Participation in another investigational vaccine or drug trial within 28 days of receiving the investigational vaccine, or while this study is ongoing

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

7

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Adults; Adults ages 18 to 49 years of age. Open label.	Biological: Standard Dose HPIV2 Vaccine; 10^6 tissue culture infectious dose 50% (TCID50) administered intranasally in a single dose
Experimental: Seropositive children - vaccine; Children ages 15 to 59 months of age who already have HPIV2 antibodies receiving the HPIV2 vaccine.	Biological: Standard Dose HPIV2 Vaccine; 10^6 tissue culture infectious dose 50% (TCID50) administered intranasally in a single dose
Experimental: Seronegative infants and children - low dose vaccine; Infants and children ages 6 to 59 months of age who do not have HPIV2 antibodies receiving a low dose of the HPIV2 vaccine.	Biological: Low dose HPIV2 vaccine; 10^5 TCID50 administered in a single dose
Experimental: Seronegative infants and children - standard dose vaccine; Infants and children ages 6 to 59 months of age who do not have HPIV2 antibodies receiving a standard dose of the HPIV2 vaccine.	Biological: Standard Dose HPIV2 Vaccine; 10^6 tissue culture infectious dose 50% (TCID50) administered intranasally in a single dose
Placebo Comparator: Seropositive children - placebo; Children ages 15 to 59 months of age who already have HPIV2 antibodies receiving a placebo.	Other: Placebo; Matched placebo
Placebo Comparator: Seronegative infants and children - low dose placebo; Infants and children ages 6 to 59 months of age who do not have HPIV2 antibodies receiving a low dose of placebo.	Other: Placebo; Matched placebo
Placebo Comparator: Seronegative infants and children - standard dose placebo; Infants and children ages 6 to 59 months of age who do not have HPIV2 antibodies receiving a standard dose of placebo.	Other: Placebo; Matched placebo

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Safety, as determined by frequency of adverse events	Measured at baseline, for 11 days after vaccination, and at 1 month follow-up
Immunogenicity, as determined by ability to cause an immunological reaction and amount of antibody induced by the vaccine	Measured at baseline and at 1 month
Infectivity, as determined by amount of vaccine shed by each recipient	Measured at baseline, for 11 days after vaccination, and at 1 month follow-up

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Phenotypic stability of the vaccine virus shed	Measured at baseline and at 1 month
Number of vaccinated infants and children infected with HPIV2	Measured at baseline, for 11 days after vaccination, and at 1 month follow-up

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Ruth A. Karron, MD, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Murphy BR, Prince GA, Collins PL, Van Wyke Coelingh K, Olmsted RA, Spriggs MK, Parrott RH, Kim HW, Brandt CD, Chanock RM. Current approaches to the development of vaccines effective against parainfluenza and respiratory syncytial viruses. Virus Res. 1988 Aug;11(1):1-15. doi: 10.1016/0168-1702(88)90063-9.
• Nolan SM, Skiadopoulos MH, Bradley K, Kim OS, Bier S, Amaro-Carambot E, Surman SR, Davis S, St Claire M, Elkins R, Collins PL, Murphy BR, Schaap-Nutt A. Recombinant human parainfluenza virus type 2 vaccine candidates containing a 3' genomic promoter mutation and L polymerase mutations are attenuated and protective in non-human primates. Vaccine. 2007 Aug 21;25(34):6409-22. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.06.028. Epub 2007 Jul 3.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: June 1, 2010
• Primary Completion (Actual): September 1, 2015
• Study Completion (Actual): September 1, 2015

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 7, 2010
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 7, 2010
• First Posted (Estimate): June 8, 2010

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 4, 2017
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 31, 2017
• Last Verified: March 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Vaccine; Infants; HPIV2
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: RNA Virus Infections; Virus Diseases; Infections; Mononegavirales Infections; Paramyxoviridae Infections; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Immunologic Factors; Vaccines
• Other Study ID Numbers: CIR 258