Physical Performance and 3D Shoulder Kinematics of Asymptomatic Unilateral/Bilateral Overhead Athletes and Non-athletes

January 5, 2021 updated by: Nuno Morais, Universidade do Porto
This study compares the performance and 3-dimensional shoulder kinematics between sides in unilateral overhead-throwers (volleyball attackers), bilateral overhead athletes (swimmers) and non-athletes during two physical performance measures of the upper extremity, one in an open kinetic chain position (unilateral seated shot put test) and the other in a closed kinetic chain position (upper quarter Y balance test)

Study Overview

Status

Unknown

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

3-dimensional shoulder kinematics (e.g., scapular angular position/displacement) at key events of each test will be described and compared across sides and groups. For the unilateral seated shot put test, the events are based on humeral motion: a) initiation of humeral motion, b) maximal humeral flexion, c) end of humeral motion. For the upper quarter Y balance test the events are the a) initiation of free hand motion on "GO", b) maximal reach on the medial direction, c) maximal reach on superolateral direction, and d) maximal reach on the inferolateral direction (kinematics measured on the stance upper extremity). The best of 3 maximal-effort trials on each side will be used for analysis. Warm-up exercises and two submaximal practice trials will be performed for preparation for maximal efforts and familiarization with the tests. A rest period of at least one minute between trials will be given to guarantee good physiological conditions to maximally perform. Further resting time will be allowed, if necessary, upon request of the participant.

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Anticipated)

90

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Portugal
      • Leiria, Portugal, 2411-901
        • Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria
      • Porto, Portugal, 4200-450
        • Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto
    • Cruz-Quebrada
      • Oeiras, Cruz-Quebrada, Portugal, 1499-002
        • Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Athletes from sports organizations involved in competitive events and non-athletes from the general community/scholarly community

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Perform at least 150 degrees of arm elevation

Exclusion Criteria:

  • history of shoulder dislocation
  • surgery in the upper extremity ≥ 6 months
  • injury in the past month
  • evident abnormalities in posture and movement of the upper body quadrant
  • pain at the time of testing

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Intervention / Treatment
Unilateral overhead throwing athletes
Volleyball attackers involved in competitive events ≥ 2 years, ≥18 years of age
Behavioral: Chronic exposure to unilateral overhead sports activity
Overhead sports athletes that have been chronically exposed (≥ 2 years) predominantly to specific unilateral overhead movement patterns of the dominant extremity ("throwing arm"), such as throwing or hitting a ball ("asymmetrical overhead sports).
Bilateral overhead athletes
Swimmers involved in competitive events ≥ 2 years, ≥18 years of age
Behavioral: Chronic exposure to bilateral overhead sports activity
Overhead sports athletes that have been chronically exposed (≥ 2 years) predominantly to bilateral overhead movement patterns of the upper extremities, such as swimmers ("symmetrical overhead sports").
Non-athletes
Persons not regularly involved in sports activities or occupational overhead tasks (e.g. construction workers), ≥18 years of age
Behavioral: Not exposed
People not engaged in regular sports competition/exercise training.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Side-to-side differences in the unilateral seated shot put test (normalized distance thrown, in centimeters)
Time Frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
The unilateral seated shot put test consists of pushing (not throwing) at shoulder height a ~3kg medicine ball as far and forward as possible while keeping the axial skeleton in contact with a wall, knees bent at a right angle, feet flat on the floor, and the non-testing arm resting on the lap.
Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Side-to-side differences in the upper quarter Y balance test (normalized maximal distance reached in each direction, in centimeters)
Time Frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
The upper quarter Y balance test is performed through the assistance of a testing device (Y-Balance Test Kit), with the subject stabilizing his/her body weight with the upper extremity being tested while performing maximal reaching efforts with the free hand in three directions: medial, superolateral, and inferolateral.
Through study completion, an average of 1 year

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Side-to-side differences in 3-dimensional scapular angular displacement (in degrees)
Time Frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
The angular displacement of the scapula in the 3 planes of orientation: lateral/medial (upward/downward) rotation, protraction/retraction (internal/external rotation), anterior/posterior tilting.
Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Side-to-side differences in 3-dimensional humerus angular displacement (in degrees)
Time Frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
The angular displacement of the humerus in the 3 planes of orientation: plane of elevation, elevation/depression, axial rotation.
Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Side-to-side differences in 3-dimensional thoracic angular displacement (in degrees)
Time Frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
The angular displacement of the thorax in the 3 planes of orientation: flexion/extension, lateral rotation (inclination), axial rotation.
Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Side-to-side differences in the upper quarter Y balance test (total excursion, in centimeters)
Time Frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
total excursion = sum of the 3 normalized reach distances, in centimeters
Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Side-to-side differences in the upper quarter Y balance test (overall performance score, in centimeters)
Time Frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
overall performance or composite score = average score of the 3 normalized reach distances, in centimeters.
Through study completion, an average of 1 year

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Universidade do Porto

Collaborators

University of Lisbon
Instituto Politécnico de Leiria

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (ACTUAL)

June 1, 2018

Primary Completion (ANTICIPATED)

April 1, 2021

Study Completion (ANTICIPATED)

July 1, 2021

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

July 22, 2016

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 28, 2016

First Posted (ESTIMATE)

August 2, 2016

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (ACTUAL)

January 6, 2021

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 5, 2021

Last Verified

January 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • FADEUP_PhDPT_NunoMorais_std#1

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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