Perception of Children With Visible Untreated and Treated Caries (ECC-ET)

In Germany about 5 to 20% of children suffer from early childhood caries (ECC). Preceding results of eye-tracking-studies on the perception of patients with unilateral cleft and patients with severe orthognathic malocclusion let us assume that caries and missing teeth might influence the observer's focus. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that the faces of patients with ECC and patients with signs of dental treatment (crown, gap etc.) are contemplated differently from and assessed more negatively than healthy patients. Particular attention should be paid to potential differences between the findings of the two observer-groups (medical laypersons/ dental students).

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Dental Caries

Detailed Description

In Germany about 5 to 20% of children suffer from early childhood caries (ECC). Resulting in complications like damages of the permanent teeth, pain and developmental disorder of the affected jaw, ECC might additionally lead to social exclusion. Previous eye-tracking-studies about the perception of patients with unilateral cleft and patients with severe orthognathic malocclusion demonstrated that these variations are transferring the observer's focus from the eyes and nose to the affected region. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that the faces of patients with ECC and patients with signs of dental treatment (crown, gap etc.) are contemplated differently from and assessed more negatively than healthy patients. Particular attention should be paid to potential differences between the findings of the two observer-groups (medical laypersons/ dental students).

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 38

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Germany
  • Lower Saxony
    • Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany, 37075
      • Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany
    • Hildesheim, Lower Saxony, Germany, 31141
      • Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Institute of Psychology, University of Hildesheim Hildesheim, Germany

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: Female

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

40

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• healthy
• student of the University of Göttingen or Hildesheim
• age ≥ 18 years
• people who agreed to participate in the study
• right-hander

Exclusion Criteria:

• missing agreement to participate in the study
• missing cooperation,
• age < 18 years
• left-hander
• wearer of glasses
• people with severe systemic diseases, especially states with associated temporary or permanent restriction of immune status
• people with severe mental illness who have altered perception or neurophysiological stimulus processing.
• people who take regularly or at the time of the study drug or drugs that altered a perception or neurophysiological stimulus processing

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

2

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Dentistry students; Dentistry students of the University of Göttingen
Psychology students; Psychology students of the University of Hildesheim

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
The first fixation on one of both pictures will be measured	both pictures: a) emotional, b) neutral	3 sec

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
First fixation of one of three areas of interest will be measured	areas of interest: a) eyes, b) nose, c) mouth	300 msec
Fixation time and fixation number of areas of interest will be measured	areas of interest: a) eyes, b) nose, c) mouth	2 sec
Are the pictures different in valence, arousal, attractiveness	Questionnaire: How pleasant this stimulus is for you? (9 point scale: 1 negative - 9 positive); How exciting is this stimulus to you? (9 point scale: 1 low - 9 high) 3 How attractive is this appeal to you? (9 point scale: 1 unattractive - 9 attractive) Self-Assessment-Manikin scales	30 min

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Göttingen
• Collaborators: Stiftung Universität Hildesheim
• Investigators: Study Director: Annette Wiegand, Prof. Dr., Dept. of Prev. Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany; Study Chair: Kristian Folta-Schoofs, Prof. Dr., Dep. of Psychology, Stiftung Universität Hildesheim, Germany

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): April 1, 2016
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 8, 2016
• Study Completion (Actual): February 21, 2017

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 26, 2016
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 8, 2016
• First Posted (Estimate): September 14, 2016

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 11, 2019
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 10, 2019
• Last Verified: April 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: children; dentistry; eye-tracking; Early Childhood Caries; face perception
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Stomatognathic Diseases; Tooth Demineralization; Tooth Diseases; Dental Caries
• Other Study ID Numbers: 36/2/16

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED