Comparison Between Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT) and a Cold-Water Immersion (CWI) in Recovery Soccer Player: Analysis of Biochemical Markers of Recovery and Muscular Oxidative Stress.

May 6, 2024 updated by: LUCIANA MARIA MALOSA SAMPAIO

Competitive soccer engages many of the body's systems to a major extent. The musculoskeletal, nervous, immune and metabolic systems are stressed to a point where recovery strategies post-exercise become influential in preparing for the next match.

Recovery from exercise can be an important factor in performance during repeated bouts of exercise. In a tournament situation, where athletes may compete numerous times over a few days, enhancing recovery may provide a competitive advantage. Recent work has highlighted that the aim of most recovery interventions is to return psychological, physiological, and performance variables to the 'pre-exercise' level or to baseline conditions identified in the absence of fatigue.

The post-exercise cold water immersion (CWI) through its primary ability to decrease tissue temperature and blood flow, is purported to facilitate recovery by ameliorating hyperthermia and subsequent alterations to the central nervous system (CNS), reducing cardiovascular strain, removing accumulated muscle metabolic by-products, attenuating exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and improving autonomic nervous system function. All these alterations provoke important physiological changes for the recovery of the athlete.

Scientific evidence for other strategies reviewed in their ability to accelerate the return to the initial level of performance is still lacking. These include active recovery, stretching, compression garments, massage and electrical stimulation. While this does not mean that these strategies do not aid the recovery process, the protocols implemented up until now do not significantly accelerate the return to initial levels of performance in comparison with a control condition.

Among these new strategies, Photobimodulation therapy - PBMT using low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and light-emitting diode therapy (LEDT) has been the focus of important research insights science in recent years. The PBMT has been used to increase muscle performance and reduces muscle fatigue signals. The mechanism proposed for the use of PBMT in sports and exercise is the increase in cytochrome c-oxidase in skeletal muscle fibers that lead to upregulation of mitochondrial activity, which increases ATP production promoting more energy for the muscle and decreases oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species production.

Considering that the consented CWI is already used with good results in soccer athletes, however it has some drawbacks such as the time of application and the inconvenience caused by the application of cold and the new possibilities presented in the literature of the use of PBMT we propose to carry out this study. To address these issues, the present study aims to investigate and analyze biological markers on oxidative stress and muscle damage in soccer athletes after a match submitted to recovery strategies through CWI and PBMT

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

In elite soccer, players are frequently required to play consecutive matches interspersed by 3 days and complete physical performance recovery may not be achieved. Incomplete recovery might result in underperformance and injury. During congested schedules, recovery strategies are therefore required to alleviate post-match fatigue, regain performance faster and reduce the risk of injury. Recovery from exercise can be an important factor in performance during repeated bouts of exercise.

The strenuous exercise induces muscle cell structural damage, which results in increased plasma concentrations of muscle enzymes such as CK and LDH. The efflux of CK and LDH proteins from muscle may be attributed to increased permeability of the plasma membrane or intramuscular vasculature (or both). Thus, a reduction in these markers has been proposed as an indicator of recovery after strenuous exercise that induces muscle damage.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

18

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

12 years to 13 years (Child)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:Voluntary athletes were soccer players aged 16 to 17 years, healthy, male, with no history of autoimmune diseases, who did not present previous muscular lesions in the period of 3 months prior to the study and who are participating of the category championships.

-

Exclusion Criteria:

  • No soccer playres.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Cold Water Immersion
Other: Cold Water Immersion
Cold Water Immersion
Experimental: Photobiomodulation Therapy
Other: Photobiomodulation Therapy
Photobiomodulation Therapy
Other Names:
  • Cold Water Immersion

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Serum levels of Creatine Kinase (CK) activity
Time Frame: Baseline; immediatily soccer match and 48 hours after.
Sample of Blood
Baseline; immediatily soccer match and 48 hours after.
Serum levels Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances -TBARS
Time Frame: Baseline; immediatily soccer match and 48 hours after.
Sample of Blood
Baseline; immediatily soccer match and 48 hours after.
Serum levels Superoxide Dismutase -SOD
Time Frame: Baseline; immediatily soccer match and 48 hours after.
Sample of Blood
Baseline; immediatily soccer match and 48 hours after.
Serum levels Catalase - CAT
Time Frame: Baseline; immediatily soccer match and 48 hours after.
Sample of Blood
Baseline; immediatily soccer match and 48 hours after.

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

LUCIANA MARIA MALOSA SAMPAIO

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Paulo de Tarso Camillo de Carvalho, Professor, University of Nove de Julho

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

January 1, 2017

Primary Completion (Actual)

August 1, 2017

Study Completion (Actual)

May 1, 2019

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

June 25, 2018

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 10, 2018

First Posted (Actual)

July 20, 2018

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

May 7, 2024

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

May 6, 2024

Last Verified

May 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • PBTM CWI

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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