PREVALENCE OF FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION IN BENI-SUEF LOCALITIES

PREVALENCE OF FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION IN BENI SUEF LOCALITIES

Female genital mutilation /cutting (FGMC) includes all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or another injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons". It constitutes an extreme form of discrimination against women due to the health consequences, pain, and risks involved. Regardless of its prevalence, the physical and psychological complications of FGM in Egypt were shown to be enormous. These complications are usually categorized into primary or acute complications and secondary or long-term complications. The primary complications include pain, bleeding, and psychiatric trauma while the secondary complications include several emotional, menstrual, and sexual disorders

Study Overview

• Status: Unknown
• Conditions: Female Genital Mutilation
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Questionnaire

Detailed Description

Despite being internationally recognized as a human rights violation of girls and women, FGM has been performed on at least 200 million girls and women in 31 countries. According to the 2015 Egypt Health Issues Survey (EHIS), 87% of all women aged 15-49 years in Egypt had undergone FGM. Social norms, religion, ensuring premarital virginity and marital fidelity, increasing marriageability, and cultural ideals of femininity and modesty were among the most commonly cited reasons for performing FGM. A survey conducted among Egyptians aged 10-29 years in 2014 indicated that the reasons given for practicing FGM were customs and traditions (56.7%) and religion (35%).

FGM has many types ranging from excision of the prepuce with/out clitoris (Type I or Clitoridectomy) and excision of the clitoris and labia minora (Type II or Excision) to profound excision of the external genitalia with stitching and tightening the vaginal opening (Type III or Infibulation). Type IV describes pricking, piercing, scraping, and cauterization of the external genitalia without flesh removal. In societies with Muslim majorities, type I: is known as "Sunna Circumcision"; a religious term linking the practice to the commands of the Prophet of Islam or "Khifad" the Arabic synonym of "reduction"; a term claiming that the Prophet of Islam endorsed partial rather than complete excision of the external genitalia. In Egypt, types I and II are also called "Ta-hara"; the Arabic synonym of "purification" which points to the hygienic drive of the practice.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Anticipated): 500

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Egypt
  • Cairo, Egypt, 11211
    • Nesreen Abdel Fattah Abdallah Shehata

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 21 years to 45 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The study population consisted of all males and females who will be attended to the previously mentioned study setting at the time of data collection will be included in the study.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Living in Beni Suef Governorate.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Women and men who complaining of any psychological problems

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

1

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
Female genital mutilation; Assessment of FGM prevalence in Beni Suef localities and its impact on studied women.	Other: Questionnaire; Assessment of causes of FGM Beni Suef localities. 3. Explore the relationship between some of the social and demographic variables such as age, education, place of residence, marital status, religion and economic level and practice of FGM.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Assessment of the impact of FGM	The investigators will evaluate the consequences of female genital mutilation on participants of the study.	During 13 months
To estimate intention to practice FGM	The participants will be given questions concerning intention to practice FGM in future. This section included questions regarding females' plans of mutilating their daughters in future, whether they were facing social pressure from family members or neighbors, whether they knew someone who intended to mutilate their daughters.	During 13 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
To collect information about history of circumcision for the woman and her daughter.	A questionnaire rituals of FGM and the decision-maker.	During 13 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Beni-Suef University

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Abdou, Marwa SM, Iman MH Wahdan, and Nessrin A. El-Nimr.
• Shell-Duncan B. The medicalization of female "circumcision": harm reduction or promotion of a dangerous practice? Soc Sci Med. 2001 Apr;52(7):1013-28. doi: 10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00208-2.
• Tag-Eldin MA, Gadallah MA, Al-Tayeb MN, Abdel-Aty M, Mansour E, Sallem M. Prevalence of female genital cutting among Egyptian girls. Bull World Health Organ. 2008 Apr;86(4):269-74. doi: 10.2471/blt.07.042093.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Anticipated): April 1, 2021
• Primary Completion (Anticipated): May 1, 2021
• Study Completion (Anticipated): May 1, 2021

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 15, 2021
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 15, 2021
• First Posted (Actual): March 17, 2021

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 17, 2021
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 15, 2021
• Last Verified: March 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: Beni-Suef 21

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No