Smartphone Addiction and Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction in Individuals With Nonspecific Neck Pain

It has been reported that excessive use of smartphones increases the stress on the cervical spine, and changes in cervical curvature and pain in the muscles around the neck are associated with the increase in stress. Studies have reported that smartphone users with addictions have neck pain (68%), upper back pain (62%), right shoulder pain (52%), left shoulder pain (46%), and right hand pain (46%). As a result of our study, the frequency of smartphone addiction and temporomandibular joint dysfunction and related factors in individuals with nonspecific neck pain were examined and the results we obtained will contribute to the literature.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Smartphone Addiction, Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: patient group/ healthy group

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 60

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Kırıkkale, Turkey, 7110
    • Ayşe Abit Kocaman

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 45 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Individuals with nonspecific neck pain, individuals who voluntarily agreed to participate in our study and signed the consent form

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Presence of neck pain lasting at least 6 months
• Being between the ages of 18-45
• Individuals with a score between 10-40 points according to the Neck Disability Index
• Individuals who have never had a history of shoulder or neck surgery

Exclusion Criteria:

• Individuals with signs of radicular pain (positive neck distraction test, Spurling's neck compression test, and Adson's test)
• Individuals who get less than 10 points or more than 40 points according to the Neck Disability Index
• Those with a previous history of shoulder and neck surgery
• Individuals with accompanying shoulder pain
• Individuals with spinal cord tumors
• Individuals with meningeal tumors
• Individuals who do not want to participate in the study

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

1

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
patient group,healthy group; Cranio- Cervical Flexion Test, cervical mobility, Pressure Pain Threshold,Functional evaluation of the temporomandibular joint,Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index	Other: patient group/ healthy group; Cranio- Cervical Flexion Test, cervical mobility, Pressure Pain Threshold,Functional evaluation of the temporomandibular joint,Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Cranio- Cervical Flexion Test	An inflatable pressure unit (StabilizerTM, Chattanooga Group, Inc., Hixson, TN) will be used during testing.	Day 1
Evaluation of cervical mobility	Cervical region flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotation movements will be evaluated with Baseline Bubble Inclinometer.	Day 1
Evaluation of Pressure Pain Threshold	Pressure pain threshold assessment will be performed with an algometer, which is an objective assessment method.Measurements will be made from three different regions: anterior temporal muscle body, masseter muscle body and TMJ (lateral to the mandibular condyle).	Day 1
Functional evaluation of the temporomandibular joint	The Helkimo Clinic Craniomandibular Index will be used in the evaluation of TMJ (5). This index consists of 5 subsections: pain on muscle palpation, pain on TMJ palpation, pain on mandible functions, TMJ functions (sound, gliding at maximum opening, luxation and/or locking) and mandible movement capacity.	Day 1
Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Form	Each item is scored between 1-6. The high score informs about the severity of smartphone addiction. Those who have a total score above 29.50 are considered as smartphone addiction.	Day 1

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index	It is a reliable, valid and standardized scale that measures sleep quality over a one-month period and provides clinical evaluation of various sleep disorders that may affect sleep quality.	Day 1

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Kırıkkale University

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Can HB, Tuna F. Relation between endurance of deep cervical flexor muscles and physical activity level, perceived stress, sleep quality, and smartphone addiction. Cranio. 2022 Mar;40(2):126-134. doi: 10.1080/08869634.2020.1724457. Epub 2020 Feb 6.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): April 15, 2022
• Primary Completion (Actual): March 15, 2023
• Study Completion (Actual): April 1, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: April 10, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 10, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): April 18, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 26, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 24, 2023
• Last Verified: April 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pain; Neurologic Manifestations; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Muscular Diseases; Stomatognathic Diseases; Jaw Diseases; Compulsive Behavior; Impulsive Behavior; Craniomandibular Disorders; Mandibular Diseases; Myofascial Pain Syndromes; Neck Pain; Joint Diseases; Behavior, Addictive; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders; Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome; Internet Addiction Disorder
• Other Study ID Numbers: SmartphoneAddictionandneckpain

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No