The Relationship Among Electroencephalography,Skin Conductance Response,Heart Rate Variability and Mental Health Among Smartphone Users After Receiving Texting or Calling

The number of smartphone users in Taiwan continues to increase exponentially. Smartphone addiction tends to not only disrupt the ability of social communication but cause physical and psychological problems as well. This study examined the relationship among skin conductance, electroencephalography, heart rate variability (HRV), social interaction anxiety and smartphone addiction among Line apps users, and we also tried to identify associated factors for further interventions.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Smartphone Users, Smartphone Addiction, Anxiety, and Skin Conductance
• Intervention / Treatment: Device: social media stimuli (Line app)

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 100
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Taiwan
  • Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 80708
    • Kaohsiung Medical University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 20 years to 65 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

(a) were older than 20 years of age and (b) used a smartphone with internet and Line app.

Exclusion Criteria:

the participants were those who (a) had alcoholism or drug dependence; (b) had any pre-existing major mental disorders; (c) had history of brain injury; and (d) had palmar hyperhidrosis.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Screening
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Interventional; Two experimental steps: baseline skin conductance measurements (step 1, three minutes) and measurements of SC after social media stimulation with Line messages or calls (step 2, three minutes). With a 5-minute rest period after these two steps completed, then each participant fill out questionnaires for assessing anxiety and problematic smartphone use.	Device: social media stimuli (Line app); social media stimuli (Line app) with texting messages or calls

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
skin conductance	change of skin conductance (micro-Siemens (μS))	3 minutes
Heart Rate Variability (HRV)	Heart Rate Variability is a measure which indicates the variation in your heartbeats within a specific timeframe.	3 minutes
Electroencephalography (Hz)	Electroencephalography (EEG) is an electrophysiological monitoring method to record .... EEG is commonly recorded at sampling rates between 250 and 2000 Hz in clinical and research settings	5 minutes

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
The Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale	The Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) was developed by Zung (1971) for measuring levels of anxiety. It has been conducted in a number of cross-cultural studies, and translated into different languages with nearly 20 versions. The SAS test is a self-administered questionnaire with 20 items. The total scores of the SAS range from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating a higher level of anxiety.	10 minutes
The Chinese version of Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI)	The Chinese version of Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI) was used to examine participant's PSU, and it was designed and developed on the basis of the Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS) with a four-factor structure: compulsive behavior, functional impairment, withdrawal and tolerance [24]. The total scores of SPAI range from 26 to 104, and the higher scores indicate higher levels of smartphone addition.	10 minutes

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): March 14, 2017
• Primary Completion (Actual): January 31, 2019
• Study Completion (Actual): January 31, 2019

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: September 11, 2019
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 18, 2019
• First Posted (Actual): October 21, 2019

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): October 21, 2019
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 18, 2019
• Last Verified: September 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: anxiety; skin conductance; smartphone users; smartphone addiction
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Compulsive Behavior; Impulsive Behavior; Behavior, Addictive; Internet Addiction Disorder
• Other Study ID Numbers: KMUHIRB-E(I)-20170016

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No