Metabolic Cost of Medicine Ball Training (MΒT-UTH)

In this study, the investigators will be able to estimate the metabolic cost of several foundational medicine ball training exercises.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Body Composition; Physical Fitness; Energy Expenditure; Resting Metabolic Rate
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: MB-TB; Behavioral: MB-NTB

Detailed Description

Medicine ball training has become a popular cardiovascular training choice in fitness centers and athletic performance enhancement facilities. Despite widespread use and growing popularity, little is known about the metabolic demands of such a training method. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to quantify the cardiovascular and metabolic cost from various foundational medicine ball exercises in order to contribute to a better planning of exercise programs in the real world.

Ten healthy young adults were assigned to execute fourteen bodyweight exercises (acute bout) of which seven exercises will be executed by throwing the medicine ball and seven exercises will be executed without a medicine ball throw. Anthropometric, metabolic, functional capacity and performance measurements were conducted at baseline. The metabolic cost was estimated from heart rate, blood lactate, resting oxygen uptake, exercise oxygen uptake, and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption measurements using a portable gas analyzer.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 10
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Greece
  • Trikala, Greece, 42100
    • Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Exercise Biochemistry and Sports Nutrition, School of Physical Education, Sports Sciences and Dietetics, University of Thessaly

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 35 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Aged between 18 and 35 years
• Physically active individuals
• Free of chronic diseases
• Free of musculoskeletal injuries
• Nonsmokers

Exclusion Criteria:

• Musculoskeletal injuries
• Chronic diseases
• Use of alcohol, caffeine and any type of ergogenic supplements or medication before (≤6 months) and throughout the study.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Other
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
No Intervention: Control; Participants in this arm will receive no intervention.
Experimental: Training; Participants in this arm will perform seven medicine ball training exercises (acute bout per exercise) at two different conditions [Throwing a ball (TB) and no Throwing a ball (NTB)].	Behavioral: MB-TB; Training exercises with throwing a medicine ball will be performed for 30 seconds and the training volume will be consisted of 1 repetition.; Behavioral: MB-NTB; Training exercises without throwing a medicine ball will be performed for 30 seconds and the training volume will be consisted of 1 repetition.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)	EPOC (kcal) will be measured using a portable indirect calorimetry system	At 1 hour after exercise session (single bout lasting 30 seconds)
Change in exercise-induced energy expenditure	Exercise energy expenditure (kcal) will be measured using a portable indirect calorimetry system	At pre-exercise, during, and 30 minutes after the exercise session (a single bout lasting 30 seconds)
Change in blood lactate concentration (BLa)	BLa (mmol/L) concentration will be measured in a microphotometer with commercially available kits.	At pre-exercise and 3 minutes after exercise session (a single bout lasting 30 seconds)
Change in heart rate	Heart rate (bpm) will be measured with a wearable heart rate monitor	At pre-exercise, during, and 30 minutes after ther exercise session (a single bout lasting 30 seconds)
Change in perceived exertion	Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) will be measured with the Borg scale (0-10)	At pre-exercise, during, and 30 minutes after the exercise session (a single bout lasting 30 seconds)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Body weight	Body weight will be measured on a beam balance with stadiometer	At baseline
Body height	Body height will be measured on a beam balance with stadiometer	At baseline
Body mass index (BMI)	BMI will be calculated using the Quetelet's equation	At baseline
Waist circumference (WC)	WC (cm) will be measured using a Gullick II tape	At baseline
Hip circumference (HC)	HC (cm) will be measured using a Gullick II tape	At baseline
Resting metabolic rate (RMR)	RMR (kcal) will be measured using a portable open-circuit indirect calorimeter with a ventilated hood system	At baseline
Fat-free mass (FFM)	FFM (kg) will be assessed by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)	At baseline
Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max)	VO2max (mL/kg/min) will be assessed by a portable open-circuit spirometry system	At baseline
Muscular endurance	Muscular endurance (repetitions) will be measured on a 1-min curl-up and push-up test.	At baseline
Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR	WHR will be calculated by dividing the waist by the hip measurement	At baseline
Body fat (BF) Body fat (%) will be assessed by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)	BF (%) will be assessed by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)	At baseline
Fat mass (FM)t Body fat (%) will be assessed by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)	FM (kg) will be assessed by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)	At baseline
Maximal strength (1RM)	1RM (kg) will be measured bilaterally on a horizontal leg press and seated chest press machine.	At baseline
Functional capacity	Functional capacity will be assessed using a movement-based screening tool titled Functional Movement Screening (FMS). The FMS will be consisted of 7 movement tasks that will be scored from 0 to 3 points and the sum will create score ranging from 0 to 21 points (0 = pain with pattern regardless of quality, 1 = unable to perform pattern, 2 = able to perform pattern with compensation/imperfection, 3 = able to perform pattern as directed)Functional capacity will be assessed using a movement-based screening tool titled Functional Movement Screening (FMS). The FMS will be consisted of 7 movement tasks that will be scored from 0 to 3 points and the sum will create score ranging from 0 to 21 points (0 = pain with pattern regardless of quality, 1 = unable to perform pattern, 2 = able to perform pattern with compensation/imperfection, 3 = able to perform pattern as directed)	At baseline

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Thessaly
• Investigators: Study Director: Ioannis G Fatouros, Prof, University of Thessaly

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): May 1, 2022
• Primary Completion (Actual): January 23, 2023
• Study Completion (Actual): April 30, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 1, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 7, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): June 9, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): May 11, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 9, 2023
• Last Verified: May 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Energy Expenditure; Oxygen Consumption; functional fitness training; Medicine ball Training; Resistance Trianing
• Other Study ID Numbers: MΒT-UTH

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No