Testing of Online Version of QAPS

June 1, 2026 updated by: Virginia Commonwealth University

Early evaluation of prewriting skills is important, as prewriting skills set the stage for later learning of the fine motor and visual motor skills needed for writing. Evaluation of prewriting skills allows for the identification of those children who struggle with these tasks so that early intervention might address these foundational skills before academic demands become more challenging. However, current prewriting skill assessments are limited to pencil-and-paper assessments that require an evaluator to score the drawn shapes. Manual scoring is time consuming, can be subjective, and limit the ability to capture subtle changes in performance.

We have developed an assessment on a tablet to assess prewriting skills in children. The preliminary testing of the assessment is published in a paper (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35417278/). We are now working on developing an online version of the assessment that will allow offsite data collection and will automate the analysis on the website so that the results can be automatically generated for the clinician or educator who wants to use this with the children they work with.

Study Overview

Status

Recruiting

Conditions

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Estimated)

1000

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

  • Name: Virginia Chu, PhD, OTR/L
  • Phone Number: 804-828-1564
  • Email: vchu@vcu.edu

Study Locations

    • Virginia
      • Richmond, Virginia, United States, 23298
        • Recruiting
        • Virginia Commonweath University
        • Contact:
          • Virginia Chu
          • Phone Number: 804-828-1564
          • Email: vchu@vcu.edu

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Children between 3 to 7 years old

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Children between 3 to 7 years old

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Children unable to follow directions to attempt copying shapes.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Intervention / Treatment
3 year old participants

In this study, your child will be asked to do the following things:

  1. Play a drawing game on a tablet
  2. Copy shapes using a pencil in a paper booklet
  3. Write some letters and cut paper with scissors You will complete surveys and answer questions about your child's development

In this study, your child will be asked to do the following things:

  1. Play a drawing game on a tablet
  2. Copy shapes using a pencil in a paper booklet
  3. Write some letters and cut paper with scissors You will complete surveys and answer questions about your child's development
4 year old participants

In this study, your child will be asked to do the following things:

  1. Play a drawing game on a tablet
  2. Copy shapes using a pencil in a paper booklet
  3. Write some letters and cut paper with scissors You will complete surveys and answer questions about your child's development

In this study, your child will be asked to do the following things:

  1. Play a drawing game on a tablet
  2. Copy shapes using a pencil in a paper booklet
  3. Write some letters and cut paper with scissors You will complete surveys and answer questions about your child's development
5 year old participants

In this study, your child will be asked to do the following things:

  1. Play a drawing game on a tablet
  2. Copy shapes using a pencil in a paper booklet
  3. Write some letters and cut paper with scissors You will complete surveys and answer questions about your child's development

In this study, your child will be asked to do the following things:

  1. Play a drawing game on a tablet
  2. Copy shapes using a pencil in a paper booklet
  3. Write some letters and cut paper with scissors You will complete surveys and answer questions about your child's development
6 year old participants

In this study, your child will be asked to do the following things:

  1. Play a drawing game on a tablet
  2. Copy shapes using a pencil in a paper booklet
  3. Write some letters and cut paper with scissors You will complete surveys and answer questions about your child's development

In this study, your child will be asked to do the following things:

  1. Play a drawing game on a tablet
  2. Copy shapes using a pencil in a paper booklet
  3. Write some letters and cut paper with scissors You will complete surveys and answer questions about your child's development
7 year old participants

In this study, your child will be asked to do the following things:

  1. Play a drawing game on a tablet
  2. Copy shapes using a pencil in a paper booklet
  3. Write some letters and cut paper with scissors You will complete surveys and answer questions about your child's development

In this study, your child will be asked to do the following things:

  1. Play a drawing game on a tablet
  2. Copy shapes using a pencil in a paper booklet
  3. Write some letters and cut paper with scissors You will complete surveys and answer questions about your child's development

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Online QAPS
Time Frame: 5-10 minutes
Children will be asked to draw shapes on a touch-screen tablet, where the top half of the screen will show the shapes that they needed to draw, and the bottom of half of the screen will show a space for them to copy the shape. There are 10 shapes for the children to copy. This assessment takes 5-10 minutes to complete.
5-10 minutes
Beery VMI
Time Frame: 5-10 minutes
This is a pencil-paper visual motor assessment where children are asked to copy the shapes of increasing difficulty. There are 24 shapes in this assessment and the assessment is continued until the child cannot copy 3 consecutive shapes. This assessment takes 5-10 minutes to complete.
5-10 minutes
Functional hand tasks
Time Frame: 5-10 minutes
We will have the children demonstrate their handwriting and scissors skills. The tasks that the children as asked to complete is listed in the attached documents. This assessment takes 5-10 minutes to complete.
5-10 minutes
Demographics survey
Time Frame: 5 minutes
This is a 12 question survey that ask about the child's age, grade level, sex, race, caregiver education level, household income, state of residency, etc. This survey should take about 5 minutes to complete.
5 minutes
Emotionality Assessment
Time Frame: 5 minutes
This is a 5 question survey that asks the caregiver to rate the child's ability to regulate emotions. This survey should take about 5 minutes to complete.
5 minutes
Strengths & difficulties Questionnaire Inattention/Hyperactivity subscale
Time Frame: 5 minutes
This is a 5 question survey that asks the caregiver to rate the child's attentional behavior. This survey should take about 5 minutes to complete.
5 minutes
Ego Resiliency Scale
Time Frame: 5 minutes
This is a 11 question survey that asks the caregiver to rate the child's ability to adapt to change. This survey should take about 5 minutes to complete.
5 minutes

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Virginia Chu, PhD, OTR/L, Virginia Commonwealth University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

October 3, 2023

Primary Completion (Estimated)

December 1, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

December 1, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

June 7, 2023

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

June 14, 2023

First Posted (Actual)

June 15, 2023

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

June 3, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

June 1, 2026

Last Verified

June 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Other Study ID Numbers

  • HM20026549

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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