Comparison of the Effects of Peripheral Muscle Training and Inspiratory Muscle Training in Geriatric Individuals

March 28, 2024 updated by: Buket AKINCI, Biruni University

Comparison of the Effects of Peripheral Muscle Training and Inspiratory Muscle: Randomized Clinical Study.

In geriatric individuals, there is a decrease in muscle strength, muscle mass and physical performance with ageing. These physiological changes occurring in geriatric individuals make maintaining the physical activity necessary for a healthy life difficult. Weakness of respiratory muscles in geriatric individuals can increase the prevalence of diseases and disability. It has been shown in the literature that peripheral muscle training and inspiratory muscle training increase exercise capacity similarly. The effectiveness of moderate-intensity peripheral muscle training and inspiratory muscle training in sarcopenic geriatric individuals was compared and found to have similar effects on muscle strength.

Our study aims to compare the effects of inspiratory and peripheral muscle training in addition to aerobic exercise on muscle strength, physical performance, respiratory muscle strength, functional capacity, sarcopenia, and quality of life.

Study Overview

Status

Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Aging causes decline in physiological systems, including the cardiorespiratory system, musculo-skeletal system, vestibulo-ocular system, slowed postural control and cognitive function (especially dual task and executive functions). These changes occurring in geriatric individuals are an increased risk factor for various diseases and affect the individual's daily living activities, working life, addiction status and communication with the environment.

The most recommended physical activity subgroups in the guidelines for geriatric individuals are aerobic exercises, strengthening exercises, flexibility exercises and balance exercises. Physiological changes that occur in the organism during the aging process can cause muscle weakness, functional losses/limitations, balance problems, cognitive problems, chronic diseases and mortality. However, physiological and mechanical respiratory changes in geriatric individuals; It is known that there is a decrease in lung elasticity, respiratory muscle strength and chest wall compliance. These physiological changes make it difficult to maintain the physical activity necessary for a healthy life. It has also been shown that weakness of respiratory muscles in geriatric individuals can increase the rate of morbidity and mortality.

It is reported in the literature that respiratory muscle training (RMT) strengthens the diaphragm in geriatric individuals and may have a protective effect against respiratory tract infections by improving aerobic capacity, physical performance and coughing skill. In addition, studies have shown that Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT) increases the strength of the inspiratory respiratory muscles, allows a more mechanically effective breathing pattern, and provides improvements in exercise capacity, diaphragm thickness and mobility, cardiac autonomic control and functional autonomy. Studies have shown that IMT is effective and applicable in improving balance ability. It has been reported to improve dynamic and reactive balance, as well as gait speed and inspiratory muscle function in healthy geriatric individuals. Considering the stated benefits of IMT, some authors suggest that it is an alternative or complementary training method that can be used for geriatric individuals, especially when other types of exercise are not possible, and that it should be added to rehabilitation programs.

In general, it has been reported in the literature that resistant exercise training is preferred as an intervention in geriatric individuals and that this training improves muscle strength, physical performance and functional performance. In a study where a high-intensity resistance training program was applied in sarcopenic geriatric women, it was reported that it increased respiratory muscle strength and Maximum Expiratory Pressure (MEP) and affected health-related quality of life.

There are opinions reported in the literature that improvement in peripheral and inspiratory muscle strength will reduce the risk of mortality. The effects of moderate-intensity peripheral muscle training and inspiratory muscle training were compared in sarcopenic geriatric individuals and were found to have similar effects on muscle strength. It has been reported that there is no significant change in muscle mass and physical performance. However, no study has been found in which the aerobic and strengthening exercises recommended for geriatric individuals are combined. In order to shed light on this deficiency in the literature, the investigators aim in our study to compare the effects of peripheral muscle training and inspiratory muscle training combined with aerobic training on muscle strength, physical performance, functional capacity and quality of life.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

30

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact Backup

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • 65 years to 80 years (Older ),
  • Standardised Mini Mental Test score ≥ 20,
  • To walk 10 meters with or without an assistive device,
  • If the participants answered No all of the questions of The Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire
  • Volunteering to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

  • With serious neurological and orthopedic problems that may prevent them from exercising,
  • With serious vision and hearing problems,
  • With a psychiatric disease,
  • With serious cardiac and pulmonary system diseases that may prevent them from exercising,
  • With vestibular system problems or medication use that may affect the vestibular system,
  • Smokers.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Double

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Peripheral Muscle Training Group
Older individuals in this group will participate in group exercise training, including aerobic and resistance training, twice a week for ten weeks, each session supervised by a researcher physiotherapist and lasting one hour.
Other: Peripheral Muscle Training and step aerobics training
First 5-minute warm-up in the protocol (calisthenic exercises); 30-40 minutes of resistance exercises and step aerobic exercises and the last 5 minutes cooling (stretching exercises) period will be applied.
Other Names:
  • Peripheral Muscle Training
Experimental: Inspiratory Muscle Training Group:
Older people in this group will perform aerobic and resistance training for 1 hour a day, twice a week for ten weeks, under the supervision of a researcher physiotherapist. As for Inspiratory Muscle Training, they will participate in training with 30 breathing cycles a day, six days a week, for ten weeks (two days in the clinic, four days at home).
Other: Inspiratory Muscle Training and step aerobics training
First 5-minute warm-up in the protocol (calisthenic exercises); 30-40 minutes of resistance exercises and step aerobic exercises and the last 5 minutes cooling (stretching exercises) period will be applied.
Other Names:
  • Inspiratory Muscle Training

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
The sociodemographic data form
Time Frame: Ten weeks
Socio-demographic data of individuals (name-surname, age, gender, height,weight, smoking, occupation, education) will be collected with the demographic data collection form created by the researchers. In the clinical information section, other diseases and medications used will be recorded.
Ten weeks
Hand grip strength
Time Frame: Ten weeks
Three consecutive measurements will be made on the dominant hand with a Jamar hand dynamometer, 1 minute apart, and the highest value will be recorded.
Ten weeks
Maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP, MEP)
Time Frame: Ten weeks
Static inspiratory (MIP) or expiratory (MEP) mouth pressures assess respiratory muscle strength.
Ten weeks
6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT)
Time Frame: Ten weeks
The 6MWT will be used to measure functional capacity.
Ten weeks
The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB)
Time Frame: Ten weeks
SPPB is a set of tests that combine gait speed, chair stand, and balance measures. It is used to predict possible disability and monitor function in older individuals.
Ten weeks
Assessment of seniors᾽ quality of life: WHOQOL-OLD questionnaire
Time Frame: Ten weeks
WHOQOL-OLD, a 24-item QOL measure, was developed by the WHOQOL Group as an add-on module to their QOL measures, specifically for use with older adults. A total score is the mean of the summed facet scores and ranges from one to five, with higher scores indicating better QOL.
Ten weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
SARC-F questionnaire
Time Frame: Ten weeks
It is a rapid diagnostic test developed for sarcopenia. A SARC-F survey score ≥ 4 is important for the diagnosis of sarcopenia. SARC-F score range is from 0 to 10; 0-3 points represent healthy condition, 4 points and above represent symptomatic condition.
Ten weeks

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Canadian Occupational Performance Measure
Time Frame: Ten weeks
The COPM will be used to identify the individual's activity performance problems and measure performance and satisfaction levels. A difference of 2 points from pre-test to post-test on either performance or satisfaction represents a clinically significant difference on the COPM.
Ten weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Biruni University

Investigators

  • Study Director: Buket Akıncı, Ass.Prof., Biruni University
  • Principal Investigator: Sezen Uyanık, MSc, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

March 25, 2024

Primary Completion (Estimated)

September 27, 2024

Study Completion (Estimated)

March 21, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

March 14, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 14, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

March 20, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

March 29, 2024

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 28, 2024

Last Verified

March 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 798307

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

YES

IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type

  • STUDY_PROTOCOL

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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