Ginglival Health Among Smokers Visiting Dental Hospital

Effect of Various Forms of Nicotine Consumption on Gingival Health of Dental Patients.

The effect of different forms of nicotine intake on the gingival health of dental patients that visited a public sector in Islamabad. A total of 300 dental patients that visited School of Dentistry, Islamabad voluntarily participated in this study. The nicotine consuming participants involved in this study were Smoke-form users, E cigarette-form users, and Dual-form users whose Gingival Index (G-I) was inspected to demonstrate an association between their smoking type and duration of developing severe gingivitis.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Smoking
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Gingival Index

Detailed Description

A total of 300 dental patients who visited the School of Dentistry, Islamabad, participated voluntarily in this study. The nicotine-consuming participants involved in this study were Smoke-Form users (S-form), Electronic cigarette-form users (E-form), and Dual-Form users (D-form) whose Gingival Index (G-I) was inspected to demonstrate an association between their smoking type and duration of developing severe gingivitis. The G-I ranging between 0.5 - 2.00 was used to calculate the occurrence of severe gingival issues in participants with smoking habits where G-I between 0.50 1.00 displayed Light gingival inflammation, G-I between 1.10-2.00 revealed Moderate gingival inflammation and G-I > 2.00 confirmed Severe gingival inflammation. A chi-Square test was used for the association by keeping significance p< 0.05.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 300

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Pakistan
  • Islamabad, Pakistan, 44080
    • Afsheen Mansoor

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Patients visiting Dental Outpatient Department with history of Smoking

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Smokers with good general health status visiting dental hospital

Exclusion Criteria:

• Non-smoker dental patients

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

3

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
S-form users; Smoke- form users	Other: Gingival Index; The G-I index ranging between 0.5-2 was used to calculate the occurrence of severe gingival issues in participants with smoking habits. The G-I index between 0.50-1.00 displayed light gingival inflammation, G-I between 1.10-2.00 revealed moderate gingival inflammation and G-I > 2.00 confirmed severe gingival inflammation.
E-form users; E-Cigarette users	Other: Gingival Index; The G-I index ranging between 0.5-2 was used to calculate the occurrence of severe gingival issues in participants with smoking habits. The G-I index between 0.50-1.00 displayed light gingival inflammation, G-I between 1.10-2.00 revealed moderate gingival inflammation and G-I > 2.00 confirmed severe gingival inflammation.
D-form users; Dual-Form users	Other: Gingival Index; The G-I index ranging between 0.5-2 was used to calculate the occurrence of severe gingival issues in participants with smoking habits. The G-I index between 0.50-1.00 displayed light gingival inflammation, G-I between 1.10-2.00 revealed moderate gingival inflammation and G-I > 2.00 confirmed severe gingival inflammation.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Gingival Index	The G-I ranging between 0.5-2 was used to calculate the occurrence of severe gingival issues in participants with smoking habits where G-I between 0.50-1.00 displayed Light gingival inflammation, G-I between 1.10-2.00 revealed Moderate gingival inflammation and G-I > 2.00 confirmed Severe gingival inflammation.	one year

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Afsheen Mansoor, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Tomar SL, Hecht SS, Jaspers I, Gregory RL, Stepanov I. Oral Health Effects of Combusted and Smokeless Tobacco Products. Adv Dent Res. 2019 Oct;30(1):4-10. doi: 10.1177/0022034519872480.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): February 3, 2023
• Primary Completion (Actual): February 4, 2024
• Study Completion (Actual): February 4, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: May 16, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 16, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): May 22, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): June 25, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 22, 2024
• Last Verified: June 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Smokers; Gingival
• Other Study ID Numbers: SOD/ERB/2023/32-02

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No