Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress in Cardiac Surgery: Min. Invasive vs. Conventional Extracorporeal Circulation

Oxidative Stress and Systemic Inflammatory Response After Cardiac Surgery: Minimally Invasive Extracorporeal Circulation vs. Conventional Extracorporeal Circulation

The goal of our research project is to measure and compare oxidative stress markers, and systemic inflammatory response in patients undergoing open heart surgery with either conventional or minimally invasive extracorporeal circulation as well as develop pharmacokinetic profiles of different oxidative stress markers for further research on inflammatory response after open heart surgery. The main questions our study aims to answer are :

• Does the type of extracorporeal circulation affect the levels of different oxidative stress markers?
• Can preoperative and postoperative oxidative stress marker levels be of prognostic values?
• Do preoperative and postoperative oxidative stress markers correlate with the clinical outcomes in patients?

Researchers will compare the effect of conventional and minimally invasive extracorporeal circulation on clinical outcomes, oxidative stress marker levels, and systemic inflammatory response.

Participants will be randomised into two groups (one undergoing arrested-heart surgery with the use of conventional extracorporeal circulation, and the second group undergoing arrested-heart surgery with the use of minimally invasive extracorporeal circulation) and laboratory data, oxidative stress markers, and clinical data will be collected until discharge.

Study Overview

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Conditions: Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome; Oxidative Stress; Extracorporeal Circulation; Complications
• Intervention / Treatment: Procedure: Conventional Extracorporeal Circulation; Procedure: Minimally Invasive Extracorporeal Circulation

Detailed Description

The overall project objective is to develop an accurate and simple analytical method(s) for quantification of specified oxidative stress biomarkers in biological samples that will provide easier diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic design in patients undergoing open heart surgery and a possible comparison between different therapeutic strategies in reducing oxidative stress.

To achieve this goal, the project will be divided into specific objectives:

• Assortment of specific reactive oxidative species and development of analytical protocols for these oxidative stress biomarkers using sophisticated analytical equipment.
• Quantification of specific oxidative stress biomarkers as indicators for oxidative stress before and after open heart surgery with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass.
• Prediction of the level of oxidative stress with specific oxidative stress biomarkers in patients undergoing arrested-heart cardiopulmonary bypass surgery
• Statistical processing of the obtained data and implementation in clinical practice tailoring the extracorporeal circulation to an individual patient.
• Comparison of oxidative stress in patients undergoing open-heart surgery with the use of two different types of cardiopulmonary bypass techniques.

State-of-the-art in the proposed field of research and survey of the relevant literature Recent studies on oxidative stress status have identified biomarkers as the potential to revolutionise medical science in terms of diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. Biomarkers have been identified for various diseases and disorders, for example, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarctions, neurological disorders, etc. The specific biomarkers can help in diagnosing the stress when the prognostic biomarkers are being explored for studying the progression or outcome of this stress-disease cascade and can predict the likelihood of occurrence of disease. Recently, many authors published reviews on oxidative stress and its biomarkers, as well as their quantitative determination, there are also some clinical studies, but often these involve one type of biomarker. Determination of these compounds from serum and plasma is challenging for every analytical technique and requires special precautions at the pre-analytical stage. Recently, various chromatographic methods have been used for substituting conventional spectrophotometric methods. So far, high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods have proven to be specific and more sensitive for most oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers from biological material, but there is still no method that is specific, accurate, sensitive and quantitative enough to measure biomarkers in biological samples and can be used in clinical diagnostics. Since the identification of biomarkers is more reliable, more correlations to certain diseases or disorders can be done, especially in the field of cardiovascular diseases, where the literature is scarce or non. In this study, robust and specific analytical methods for specific OS biomarkers will be developed and validated, therefore understanding the mechanisms and timeline of OS biomarker levels after cardiac surgery.

Cardiopulmonary bypass has been identified as an independent factor for systemic inflammatory response, which potentially leads to hemodynamic instability, multiple organ dysfunction and various complications resulting in a prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay. One of the strategies to reduce the inflammatory response has been MiECC. Regarding to the Minimal invasive Extra-Corporeal Technologies international Society (MiECTiS) to characterise a circuit as MiECC it must include a closed circuit; biologically inert blood contact surfaces; reduced priming volume; a centrifugal pump; a membrane oxygenator; a heat exchanger; a system for cardioplegia delivery; a venous bubble trap/venous air removing device and a shed blood management system. Several studies have been published, measuring and comparing the inflammatory response in patients undergoing open heart surgery with either conventional cardiopulmonary bypass (CCPB) or MiECC. Recent studies, comparing MiECC group to conventional CPB showed lower C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 and interleukin 8 levels in the MiECC group. A study, measuring oxidative stress markers in patients who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery with either MiECC, CCPB, or without the use of extracorporeal circuit (off-pump coronary artery bypass - OPCAB) revealed statistically significant decrease in malondialdehyde levels in MiECC and OPCAB when compared to CCPB, which showed promising results on 30 patients included in their study. Also malondialdehyde levels peak after a couple of hours after the surgery, thus making the comparison of immune response to MiECC or CCPB even more interesting. By increasing the number of blood samples, a bigger study cohort and novel techniques of malondialdehyde analysis, the investigators believe that potential prognostic values could be identified. In recent years isoprostane has been identified as a promising biomarker of lipid peroxidation. In a recent study in children with congenital heart defects undergoing cardiac surgery, a rapid clearance of isoprostanes was associated with a better clinical outcome. No studies up to date comparing the results of isoprostanes in patients undergoing CCPB or MiECC have been found. Endocan, a potential immunoinflammatory marker, which reflects endothelial dysfunction, could also be used as a potential prognostic marker for identifying groups of patients who would benefit most from MiECC. Up to date, two studies studying the kinetics of endocan after CCPB have been performed. Comparing our results to other studies and adding MiECC to the equation could prove helpful to future studies using endocan as a prognostic marker.

IMPORTANCE OF THE EXPECTED RESULTS:

The research project entitled Oxidative stress and systemic inflammatory response after cardiac surgery: minimally invasive extracorporeal circulation vs. conventional extracorporeal circulation will efficiently contribute to the improvement of the quality of life since its focus will be on the detection of specific OS biomarkers and understanding the mechanisms and timeline of OS biomarker levels after cardiac surgery. To the investigators knowledge, this will be the first such comprehensive study that will include several biomarkers in the prediction of the level of oxidative stress in patients undergoing arrested-heart cardiopulmonary bypass surgery and compare two types of cardiopulmonary bypass circuits. To establish this prediction, OS biomarkers will be quantified using different chromatographic methods in tandem with mass spectrometry for the selective and efficient determination of these biomarkers. Developed and validated analytical methods will be robust and efficient for method transfer in a clinical environment. Obtained data will be statistically processed and implemented in clinical practice tailored to the extracorporeal circulation of individual patient.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 200
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Rene Petrovic, MD; Phone Number: +38640556570; Email: rene.petrovic@gmail.com
• Study Contact Backup: Name: Miha Antonic, MD, PhD; Email: miha.antonic@guest.arnes.si

Study Locations

• Slovenia
  • Maribor, Slovenia
    • UMC Maribor
    • Contact: Miha Antonic, MD, PhD; Email: miha.antonic@guest.arnes.si
    • Contact: Rebe Petrovic, MD; Phone Number: +38640556570; Email: rene.petrovic@gmail.com
    • Sub-Investigator: Anze Djordjevic, MD, PhD
    • Sub-Investigator: Jernej Zeleznik, MD
    • Sub-Investigator: Urska Intihar, MD
    • Sub-Investigator: Peter Juric, MD
    • Sub-Investigator: Boris Robic, MD
    • Sub-Investigator: Franc Gregorcic, MD

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients undergoing elective isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with the use of cardio-pulmonary bypass (CPB) through median sternotomy with central cannulation

Exclusion Criteria Before Enrollment:

• refusal to participate in the study,
• pregnant women,
• patients with previous cardiac surgery (i.e., redo surgery),
• emergency surgery,
• patients with known allergy to any drugs used in the study protocol except cefazolin.

Exclusion Criteria After Enrollment:

- Patients in whom intraoperative transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) would show an atrial septal defect, where additional procedures would be needed intraoperatively or a conversion from MiECC to conventional extracorporeal circulation would be needed.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Basic Science
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Conventional Extracorporeal Circulation Arm (CCPB Arm); Patients randomized into this group will be undergoing arrested-heart coronary artery bypass grafting with the use of conventional extracorporeal circulation.	Procedure: Conventional Extracorporeal Circulation; Clinical outcomes, oxidative stress marker levels comparison in patients undergoing open-heart surgery with either conventional extracorporeal circulation.
Experimental: Minimally Invasive Extracorporeal Circulation Arm (MiECC Arm); Patients randomized into this group will be undergoing arrested-heart coronary artery bypass grafting with the use of minimally invasive extracorporeal circulation.	Procedure: Minimally Invasive Extracorporeal Circulation; Clinical outcomes, oxidative stress marker levels comparison in patients undergoing open-heart surgery with minimally invasive extracorporeal circulation.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Oxidative stress biomarker levels	Oxidative stress biomarker levels will be analyzed from blood samples collected at predetermined time-frames.	From enrollment until discharge, assessed up to 100 weeks.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation	Atrial fibrillation will be monitored by continuous telemetry following cardiac surgery, until discharge.	From enrollment until discharge, assessed up to 100 weeks.
Incidence of postoperative acute kidney failure	Kidney function will be monitored by measuring urine secretion and glomerular filtration rate at predetermined time frames, and evaluated according to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) system.	From enrollment until discharge, assessed up to 100 weeks.

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University Medical Centre Maribor
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Rene Petrovic, MD, UMC Maribor; Principal Investigator: Petra Kotnik, PhD, University of Maribor; Principal Investigator: Miha Antonic, MD, PhD, UMC Maribor

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Estimated): July 29, 2024
• Primary Completion (Estimated): December 31, 2025
• Study Completion (Estimated): December 31, 2026

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 26, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 25, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): June 27, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): June 27, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 25, 2024
• Last Verified: June 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Oxidative Stress; Malondialdehyde; Cardiac Surgery; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome; Cardiopulmonary bypass; Oxidative stress biomarkers; Endocan; Minimally invasive extracorporeal circulation
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Inflammation; Shock; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
• Other Study ID Numbers: J7-50129

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: YES
• IPD Plan Description: After the study, approximately in 2026.
• IPD Sharing Time Frame: After the study, approximately in 2026.
• IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type: STUDY_PROTOCOL; SAP; CSR

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No