VIDEO LEARNING FOR EMPATHY, ETHICS AND FAMILY WITNESSED RESUSCITATION

July 2, 2026 updated by: FatmaOzder, Kocaeli Sağlık ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi

THE EFFECT OF A VIDEO BASED DIGITAL LEARNING INTERVENTION ON NURSING STUDENTS PERCEPTIONS OF EMPATHY, ETHICAL SENSITIVITY, AND FAMILY WITNESSED RESUSCITATION IN THEIR PATIENT PERSPECTIVE EXPERIENCES: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

This clinical trial (randomized controlled experimental study) aims to learn about the effects of presenting the family-witnessed CPR process from a patient's perspective through 360° virtual reality and 2D video within second-year nursing students. The primary question(s) / hypotheses it aims to answer are:

  • H1: Will the content validity ratio of the developed scenario be above 0.80?
  • H2: Is the increase in empathy scores (pre-test/post-test difference) of students in the 360° VR group significantly higher compared to the 2D video and control groups?
  • H3: Is the increase in ethical sensitivity scores of students in the 360° VR group significantly higher compared to the 2D video and control groups?
  • H4: Is the change in perception scores toward family-witnessed CPR more positive in the 360° VR group compared to the other groups, and is their mean SUS (System Usability Scale) score at or above the acceptability threshold of 70?
  • H5: Is the VES (Video Engagement Skale) score of students in the 360° VR group significantly higher than that of the 2D video group? Researchers will compare the 360° immersive video (360° VR) group, the 2-dimensional (2D) video group, and the control group to see if there are effects on empathy, ethical sensitivity, perception of risks-benefits of family presence, self-confidence regarding family presence, video engagement, and system usability.

Participants will be asked to:

  • Watch the scenario reenactment involving a family-witnessed CPR process, recorded via a 360° camera (in either 360° VR or 2D format, depending on their assigned group).
  • Complete data collection tools consisting of the Introductory Information Form, "Jefferson Scale of Empathy", "Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire", "Family Presence Risk-Benefit Scale and Family Presence Self-Confidence Scale", "System Usability Scale (SUS-TR)", and "Video Engagement Skale(VES)".

Study Overview

Status

Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

105

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Being a second-year undergraduate nursing student
  • Volunteering to participate in the study and signing the informed consent form
  • Not having participated in a similar virtual reality or family-witnessed CPR study before

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Having a diagnosed neurological or psychiatric disorder that prevents using virtual reality glasses (such as epilepsy, severe vertigo, or motion sickness)
  • Having uncorrected visual or hearing impairments
  • Not completing all stages of the study (pre-test, intervention, or post-test)

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: 360 VR Video Group
Nursing students who watch the family-witnessed CPR scenario from a patient perspective using 360-degree virtual reality.
Behavioral: 360 Degree Virtual Reality Video
Immersive 360-degree virtual reality video scenario of family-witnessed cardiopulmonary resuscitation presented from a patient perspective.
Experimental: 2D Video Group
Nursing students who watch the family-witnessed CPR scenario from a patient perspective as a standard 2-dimensional video.
Behavioral: 2D Standard Video
Standard 2-dimensional video scenario of family-witnessed cardiopulmonary resuscitation presented from a patient perspective.
No Intervention: Control Group
Nursing students who receive traditional nursing education without watching any video or VR scenario.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in Jefferson Scale of Empathy Scores
Time Frame: Baseline (Pre-test) and right after the intervention (Post-test)
This scale evaluates the nursing students empathy levels. Higher scores indicate higher empathy levels.
Baseline (Pre-test) and right after the intervention (Post-test)
Change in Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire Scores
Time Frame: Baseline (Pre-test) and right after the intervention (Post-test)
This questionnaire evaluates the ethical sensitivity levels of nursing students. Higher scores indicate higher ethical sensitivity.
Baseline (Pre-test) and right after the intervention (Post-test)
Change in Family Presence Risk Benefit Scale and Family Presence Self Confidence Scale Scores
Time Frame: Baseline (Pre-test) and right after the intervention (Post-test)
These scales evaluate students perceptions of the risks/benefits and their self-confidence regarding family presence during CPR.
Baseline (Pre-test) and right after the intervention (Post-test)
System Usability Scale Scores
Time Frame: Right after the intervention (Post-test)
The System Usability Scale (SUS) evaluates the perceived usability of the 360 VR and 2D video systems. Higher scores indicate better usability.
Right after the intervention (Post-test)
Video Engagement Scale Scores
Time Frame: Right after the intervention (Post-test)
The Video Engagement Scale (VES) evaluates the video engagement and immersion levels of the students. Higher scores indicate higher engagement.
Right after the intervention (Post-test)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Kocaeli Sağlık ve Teknoloji Üniversitesi

Collaborators

Sakarya University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

July 4, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

December 1, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

April 1, 2027

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

July 2, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 2, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

July 9, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

July 9, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 2, 2026

Last Verified

July 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

  • E-61923333-050.99-597961

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

Clinical Trials on Education Nursing

Clinical Trials on 360 Degree Virtual Reality Video

Search Similar Trials

Sponsors and Collaborators

Medical Conditions

Drug Interventions

CROs by country

CROs in Singapore

Conditions

Rare Diseases

Drug Interventions

Dietary Supplements

Sponsor/Collaborators

Locations

3
Subscribe