Acute Caffeine Intake and Velocity Metrics (CAF+Vel)

Acute Caffeine Ingestion Similarly Enhances Mean and Mean Propulsive Velocity During Resistance Exercise in Trained Men

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the acute ergogenic effects of caffeine differ according to the velocity metric used to assess strength performance against different relative loads. Thirteen resistance-trained men completed a triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Participants ingested either caffeine (3 mg·kg-1) or a placebo 60 min before performing bench press and back squat exercises at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 90% of one-repetition maximum (1RM). Mean velocity (MV) and mean propulsive velocity (MPV) were simultaneously recorded using a linear position transducer

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Caffeine and Resistance Exercise
• Intervention / Treatment: Dietary supplement: Caffeine; Dietary supplement: Placebo

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 13
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Spain
  • Madrid
    • Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain, 28805
      • Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad de Alcalá

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age between 18 and 35 years.
• Body Mass Index (BMI) < 25 kg/m².
• Resistance-trained individuals (more than 6 months of structured training).
• Healthy men and women without neurological, cardiometabolic, immunological, or physical conditions that prevent them from exercising.
• Participants must be able to perform the tests described in the following section.

Exclusion Criteria:

• History of neuromuscular diseases, heart disease, or conditions that may affect liver or muscle metabolism.
• Use of drugs, stimulants, or sports supplements that could interfere with the dietary supplement used in the study.
• Sedentary habits (less than 150 minutes/week of moderate exercise).
• Having undergone prolonged periods of physical inactivity in the 6 months prior to the study.
• Engaging in strenuous exercise within 48 hours prior to the tests.• Failure to replicate the same food intake on both experimental days.
• Consumption of caffeine or any other stimulant after 6 pm on the day before the tests, to avoid headaches, discomfort, or lethargy in regular caffeine consumers.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Other
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Caffeine; Acute caffeine intake (3 mg·kg-1)	Dietary supplement: Caffeine; Acute caffeine intake (3 mg·kg-1)
Placebo Comparator: Placebo; Acute placebo intake (3 mg·kg-1 of maltodextrin)	Dietary supplement: Placebo; Acute placebo intake (3 mg·kg-1 of maltodextrin)

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Velocity metrics against different relative loads of one-repetition maximum	Measuring bar mean velocity (during propulsive and braking phases in m/s) and mean propulsive velocity (m/s of the propulsive phase) displacement of the concentric phase during bench press and back squat exercises at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 90%1RM.	Through study completion, an average of 3 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Adverse effects	perception of power, endurance, energy and exertion, as well as heart, muscular and gastrointestinal discomfort were measured using a 5-point scale, with scores ranging from 1 (lowest perception or absence of symptoms) to 5 (highest perception or severity).	Through study completion, an average of 3 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Alcala

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): January 1, 2025
• Primary Completion (Actual): June 1, 2025
• Study Completion (Actual): December 1, 2025

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 8, 2026
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 8, 2026
• First Posted (Actual): July 14, 2026

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): July 15, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 13, 2026
• Last Verified: July 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Heterocyclic Compounds; Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring; Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring; Alkaloids; Purinones; Purines; Xanthines; Caffeine
• Other Study ID Numbers: CEIP/2024/5/113

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: YES

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No