Effects of a Researcher-Designed Diabetes Self-Management App on Self-Management Obstacles, Self-Efficacy, and Physiological Indicators in Type 2 Diabetes (Application)

August 28, 2026 updated by: SZU-YI WANG, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital

Construction and Evaluation of a Self-management APP for Effectiveness in Self-Management, Self-Efficacy, and Metabolic Indicators of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a self-developed diabetes self-management mobile application on disease self-management outcomes among individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Study Overview

Status

Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

80

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for more than 6 months and Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) > 7.5%.
  • Having diabetes self-management obstacles.
  • Aged 18 years or older.
  • Conscious and able to communicate.
  • Having a smartphone with internet access.
  • Willing to participate in the study and provide written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Gestational diabetes mellitus.
  • Currently taking steroid medications.
  • Having a severe infection requiring hospitalization within the past 6 months.
  • Unable to perform self-care independently.
  • Having participated in or currently participating in an educational program of a similar nature.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
No Intervention: Basic self-management mobile application use.
Participants in the control group will receive routine diabetes care and use the basic functions of the diabetes self-management mobile application. The basic app functions include self-recording of blood glucose, medication, diet, physical activity, and related health information. Participants in this group will not receive additional video-based health education or multidisciplinary team care through the application.
Experimental: Enhanced diabetes self-management mobile application use.
Participants in the intervention group will receive routine diabetes care and access to an enhanced diabetes self-management mobile application, which includes basic self-management recording functions, video-based health education, and multidisciplinary team care to support diabetes self-management.
Behavioral: Researcher-Designed Diabetes Self-Management Application
Participants in the intervention group will receive routine diabetes care and use the enhanced diabetes self-management mobile application. In addition to the basic self-management recording functions, the intervention group will receive video-based health education and multidisciplinary team care through the application. The multidisciplinary team may include healthcare professionals such as physicians, nurses, dietitians, and pharmacists, who provide diabetes-related guidance to support daily self-management, self-efficacy, and metabolic control.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Diabetes management self-efficacy
Time Frame: Baseline, 3 months, and 6 months.

  1. The Chinese version of the Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale(C-DMSES) includes 20 items across four subscales:

    1. Nutrition: 9 items
    2. Physical activity and weight control: 4 items
    3. Medication treatment: 3 items
    4. Blood glucose and foot care: 4 items
  2. Scores range from 0 to 10.
  3. The scale has good reliability, with an overall Cronbach's α of .93.
  4. Subscale Cronbach's α values range from .77 to .93.
  5. The scale also has good test-retest reliability, with Pearson's r = .86, p < .01.
Baseline, 3 months, and 6 months.
Diabetes self-management obstacles
Time Frame: Baseline, 3 months, and 6 months.
Diabetes self-management obstacles will be measured using the Chinese Version of the Diabetes Obstacles Questionnaire-Short Form (CDOQ-S). Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 to 5. The items are negatively scored, and higher scores indicate greater obstacles in diabetes self-management.
Baseline, 3 months, and 6 months.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
HbA1c
Time Frame: Baseline, 3 months, and 6 months
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) will be measured using laboratory blood tests and reported as a percentage (%)
Baseline, 3 months, and 6 months
Fasting plasma glucose
Time Frame: Baseline, 3months, and 6months
Fasting plasma glucose will be measured using laboratory blood tests and reported in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL).
Baseline, 3months, and 6months
Triglycerides
Time Frame: Baseline, 3months, and 6 months
Serum triglyceride levels will be measured using laboratory blood tests and reported in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL).
Baseline, 3months, and 6 months
Total cholesterol
Time Frame: Baseline, 3 months, and 6 months.
Serum total cholesterol levels will be measured using laboratory blood tests and reported in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL).
Baseline, 3 months, and 6 months.
LDL
Time Frame: Baseline, 3 months, and 6 months.
Serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol will be measured using laboratory blood tests and reported in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL).
Baseline, 3 months, and 6 months.
HDL
Time Frame: Baseline, 3 months, and 6 months.
Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol will be measured using laboratory blood tests and reported in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL).
Baseline, 3 months, and 6 months.

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

September 1, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

July 31, 2028

Study Completion (Estimated)

July 31, 2028

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

August 24, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

August 28, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

August 31, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

August 31, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

August 28, 2026

Last Verified

August 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • FJUH114464

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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