Lower Crossed Syndrome on Postural Control and Energy Expenditure

September 12, 2026 updated by: Ayse Unal, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University

The Effect of Lower Crossed Syndrome on Postural Control and Energy Expenditure Level

The aim of this study was to compare postural control, lumbar stabilization, lower extremity proprioception, physical activity level, and energy expenditure level between individuals with Lower Crossed Syndrome (LCS) and healthy controls.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Lower Crossed Syndrome

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

116

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

Turkey (Türkiye)
- - Antalya, Turkey (Türkiye)
    - Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

116 volunteers aged 25-40 years. Participants were divided into an LCS group (n=58) and a healthy control group (n=58).

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

Voluntary agreement to participate in the study,
Being between 25-40 years of age,
Not having any orthopedic or neurological problems,
Not having received a specific diagnosis that could cause spinal pain (lumbar disc herniation, radiculopathy, spinal tumor, bleeding, abscess, etc.),
Not having used any medication for spinal pain in the last 3 months,
Not currently receiving physical therapy for lumbar problems.
Positive results from at least three of the following tests applied to determine the presence of ACS: modified Thomas test, modified Schober test, lumbar erector spinae shortening test, prone hip extension test, and straight leg raise test.

Exclusion Criteria:

Having a specific diagnosis causing spinal pain
Having a history of lumbar spine surgery
Having used any medication for spinal pain in the last 3 months

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Number of groups / cohorts

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
1 Lower crossed syndrome
2 Healthy group

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Postural control Time Frame: Enrollment	The Biodex Balance System (Biodex 945-302, Biodex Medical Systems Inc., Shirley, New York, USA) is used for the objective assessment of dynamic postural control. High scores on stability indices indicate greater postural sway and lower postural stability.	Enrollment
Energy Expenditure Level Time Frame: Enrollment	Physiological cost (energy expenditure level) is assessed using the Physiological Cost Index during the 6-Minute Walk Test. The index is an indirect measure that allows for the assessment of physiological effort during submaximal activity based on heart rate and walking speed.	Enrollment

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Lumbar Stabilization Time Frame: Enrollment	Lumbar stabilization is assessed using a Stabilizer Pressure Biofeedback Unit (Chattanooga Group, Hixson, TN, USA). Participants are asked to increase the pressure by 10 mmHg by performing the abdominal drawing-in maneuver and to maintain this pressure for 5 seconds.	Enrollment
Lower Extremity Proprioception Time Frame: Enrollment	In the assessment of proprioception, joint position sense measurements are performed using a smartphone-based digital goniometer. After positioning the patients, the knee is placed at flexion angles of 30, 45, and 90 degrees, respectively, and patients are asked to estimate these same positions. These measurements are repeated three times, and the average is recorded.	Enrollment
Physical Activity Level Time Frame: Enrollment	Participants' physical activity levels are assessed using the Physical Activity Index (FIT). The FIT score is calculated by multiplying the frequency, intensity, and duration of physical activity. An higher score indicates a higher level of physical activity.	Enrollment

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

October 1, 2024

Primary Completion (Actual)

May 1, 2026

Study Completion (Actual)

July 1, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

September 6, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

September 12, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

September 17, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)