Risk factor analysis and management of ureteral double-j stent complications

Abstract

Double-J ureteral stents are commonly used to manage urinary obstructions. Pain, bladder irritative symptoms, and fever are usually signs of early complications related to double-J stents; late complications are more troublesome. We review 4 cases that highlight a variety of late complications with double-J stents (encrustation, migration, and fragmentation). Following a review of the literature, guidelines are established for monitoring potential risk factors as well as management strategies for prevention of possible complications when using double-J stents.

Keywords: Double-J stent; Encrustation; Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy; Fragmentation; Stent migration.

Figures

Figure 1

Abdominal radiograph showing a right double-J stent encrustation.

Figure 2

Abdominal radiograph showing a break of a left double-J stent after a smooth stretching to remove it.

Figure 3

Abdominal radiograph showing a proximal migration of the left double-J stent.

Figure 4

Abdominal radiograph showing a proximal migration of the right double-J stent.