Porcelain laminate veneers: Clinical survey for evaluation of failure

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the association of the failure of porcelain laminate veneers with factors related to the patient, material, and operator.

Methods: This clinical survey involved 29 patients (19 women and 10 men) and their dentists, including undergraduate and postgraduate dental students and dental interns. Two questionnaires were distributed to collect information from participants. All patients were clinically examined. Criteria for failure of the porcelain laminate veneers included color change, cracking, fracture, and/or debonding.

Results: A total of 205 porcelain laminate veneers were evaluated. All of the restorations were fabricated from IPS e.max Press and cemented with Variolink Veneer (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Principality of Liechtenstein) or RelyX veneer cement (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA). The preparations were generally located in enamel (58.6%), and most veneers had an overlapped design (89.7%). Ten patients (34.48%) showed veneer failure, most often in terms of color change (60%). Overall, 82.8% of patients were satisfied with their restorations.

Conclusion: Insufficient clinical skills or operator experience resulted in restoration failure in one-third of patients.

Keywords: Color change; Debonding; Overlapped design; Porcelain laminate veneer; Sensitivity; Window design.

Figures

Figure 1

Pie diagram of the reasons for porcelain laminate veneers in this study.

Figure 2

Staining on the palatal surfaces of the maxillary teeth associated with high consumption of coffee and tea.

Figure 3

(a) Slight color changes due to pinpoint pulpal exposure during tooth preparation to receive porcelain laminate veneers on the bilateral maxillary central incisors; the exposed areas were first covered with calcium hydroxide cement and then resin cement. (b) Color change following RCT after the placement of a porcelain laminate veneer on the left maxillary central incisor. (c) Appearance after the glazing layer was removed during finishing and polishing in the maxillary anterior region because the patient complained of pigmentation in these areas.

Figure 4

(a) Debonding due to inadequate enamel reduction in the mandibular right lateral incisor. (b) Debonding following the cementation of a veneer onto the roughly prepared maxillary right lateral incisor with extensive removal of sound tooth structure, resulting in large exposure of dentin. (c) Recurrent caries (arrow) under a debonded porcelain laminate veneer on the mesial aspect of the maxillary right canine.