Depressive Symptoms, Body Mass Index, and Physical Activity Self-Efficacy in African American Children

Y'Esha V Williams, Patricia A Cowan, Joyce C Graff, Y'Esha V Williams, Patricia A Cowan, Joyce C Graff

Abstract

In recent decades, the prevalence of childhood depression and obesity has increased worldwide. African American (AA) children are more obese than White peers and experience many factors that can influence the onset of depressive symptoms. While depression and obesity have been examined in adolescents, there is a paucity of research in AA children. This study examined the relationships among depressive symptoms, obesity, and physical activity self-efficacy in AA children. A community sample of 65 AA children completed questionnaires for depressive symptoms and physical activity self-efficacy and also had body mass index (BMI) and BMI Z-scores calculated. Correlational statistics were used to examine associations between variables. Clinically significant total depression scores were present in 22% of children, while 48% were overweight or obese. Overall, children reported high physical activity self-efficacy. Higher depressive symptoms were associated with higher BMI Z-scores. Results also indicated significant correlations between the children's physical activity self-efficacy and depressive symptoms. Findings suggest that the associations between depressive symptoms, BMI, and physical activity self-efficacy in AA children merit additional examination. Early identification of depression in children may inform future approaches to treatment of psychological and physiological problems within the clinical setting. Screening for childhood depressive symptoms in primary care settings, especially those that specifically treat childhood obesity, can be instrumental in early identification of children with depression. Healthcare providers should be knowledgeable of the clinical presentation of depression and engaged in depression screening.

Keywords: African Americans; Childhood depression; Childhood obesity; Physical activity; Self-efficacy.

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of InterestThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020.

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