The physiologic and therapeutic role of heparin in implantation and placentation

Michela Quaranta, Offer Erez, Salvatore Andrea Mastrolia, Arie Koifman, Elad Leron, Tamar Eshkoli, Moshe Mazor, Gershon Holcberg, Michela Quaranta, Offer Erez, Salvatore Andrea Mastrolia, Arie Koifman, Elad Leron, Tamar Eshkoli, Moshe Mazor, Gershon Holcberg

Abstract

Implantation, trophoblast development and placentation are crucial processes in the establishment and development of normal pregnancy. Abnormalities of these processes can lead to pregnancy complications known as the great obstetrical syndromes: preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, fetal demise, premature prelabor rupture of membranes, preterm labor, and recurrent pregnancy loss. There is mounting evidence regarding the physiological and therapeutic role of heparins in the establishment of normal gestation and as a modality for treatment and prevention of pregnancy complications. In this review, we will summarize the properties and the physiological contributions of heparins to the success of implantation, placentation and normal pregnancy.

Keywords: Cadherins; Glycosaminoglycan; HB-EGF; Immune system; Matrix metalloproteinases; Selectins; Trophoblast.

Conflict of interest statement

Offer Erez is an Academic Editor for PeerJ.

Figures

Figure 1. Anti-thrombin III after conformational change…
Figure 1. Anti-thrombin III after conformational change induced by heparin binding.
Reproduced with permission from Whisstock et al. (2000).
Figure 2. Mechanisms of interaction between heparin,…
Figure 2. Mechanisms of interaction between heparin, anti-thrombin III, thrombin (A) and factor Xa (B).

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