Reduction of the body burden of PCBs and DDE by dietary intervention in a randomized trial

Abstract

Serum polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Anniston, AL, residents have been associated with hypertension and diabetes. There have been no systematic interventions to reduce PCB body burdens in Anniston or other populations. Our objective was to determine the efficacy of 15 g/day of dietary olestra to reduce PCBs in Anniston residents. Blood PCBs and 1,1-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethene were measured at baseline and 4-month intervals in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 1-year trial. Participants with elevated serum PCBs were randomized into two groups of 14 and received potato crisps made with olestra or vegetable oil (VO). Elimination rates during the study period were compared with 5-year prestudy rates. Eleven participants in the olestra group and 12 in the VO group completed the study. Except for one participant in the VO group, reasons for dropout were unrelated to treatments. The elimination rate of 37 non-coplanar PCB congeners during the 1-year trial was faster during olestra consumption compared to the pretrial period (-0.0829 ± 0.0357 and -0.00864 ± 0.0116 year(-1), respectively; P=.04), but not during VO consumption (-0.0413 ± 0.0408 and -0.0283 ± 0.0096 year(-1), respectively; P=.27). The concentration of PCBs in two olestra group participants decreased by 27% and 25% during the trial. There was no significant time by group interaction in change from baseline. However, group main effects for total PCBs and PCB 153 were of borderline significance. This pilot study has demonstrated that olestra can safely reduce body burdens of PCBs and supports a larger intervention trial that may also determine whether reduction in PCBs will reduce the risk of hypertension and diabetes.

Keywords: Dietary intervention; Olestra; PCBs DDE.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Figures

Figure 1

Change from baseline for total PCBs (A), higher chlorinated congeners (B), and PCB 153 (C) for the Olestra group (solid line) and the VO group (dotted line). Standard errors are indicated by the vertical bars.

Figure 2

A comparison of the observed (dotted line) and predicted (solid line) changes in total PCB body burden based on elimination rate constants calculated for the VO and Olestra groups. The decrease during the trial period was significantly greater than the change predicted from the pre-trial elimination rate for the Olestra group.