Durability of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination in people living with HIV
Ane Ogbe, Matthew Pace, Mustapha Bittaye, Timothy Tipoe, Sandra Adele, Jasmini Alagaratnam, Parvinder K Aley, M Azim Ansari, Anna Bara, Samantha Broadhead, Anthony Brown, Helen Brown, Federica Cappuccini, Paola Cinardo, Wanwisa Dejnirattisai, Katie J Ewer, Henry Fok, Pedro M Folegatti, Jamie Fowler, Leila Godfrey, Anna L Goodman, Bethany Jackson, Daniel Jenkin, Mathew Jones, Stephanie Longet, Rebecca A Makinson, Natalie G Marchevsky, Moncy Mathew, Andrea Mazzella, Yama F Mujadidi, Lucia Parolini, Claire Petersen, Emma Plested, Katrina M Pollock, Thurkka Rajeswaran, Maheshi N Ramasamy, Sarah Rhead, Hannah Robinson, Nicola Robinson, Helen Sanders, Sonia Serrano, Tom Tipton, Anele Waters, Panagiota Zacharopoulou, Eleanor Barnes, Susanna Dunachie, Philip Goulder, Paul Klenerman, Gavin R Screaton, Alan Winston, Adrian Vs Hill, Sarah C Gilbert, Miles Carroll, Andrew J Pollard, Sarah Fidler, Julie Fox, Teresa Lambe, John Frater, Ane Ogbe, Matthew Pace, Mustapha Bittaye, Timothy Tipoe, Sandra Adele, Jasmini Alagaratnam, Parvinder K Aley, M Azim Ansari, Anna Bara, Samantha Broadhead, Anthony Brown, Helen Brown, Federica Cappuccini, Paola Cinardo, Wanwisa Dejnirattisai, Katie J Ewer, Henry Fok, Pedro M Folegatti, Jamie Fowler, Leila Godfrey, Anna L Goodman, Bethany Jackson, Daniel Jenkin, Mathew Jones, Stephanie Longet, Rebecca A Makinson, Natalie G Marchevsky, Moncy Mathew, Andrea Mazzella, Yama F Mujadidi, Lucia Parolini, Claire Petersen, Emma Plested, Katrina M Pollock, Thurkka Rajeswaran, Maheshi N Ramasamy, Sarah Rhead, Hannah Robinson, Nicola Robinson, Helen Sanders, Sonia Serrano, Tom Tipton, Anele Waters, Panagiota Zacharopoulou, Eleanor Barnes, Susanna Dunachie, Philip Goulder, Paul Klenerman, Gavin R Screaton, Alan Winston, Adrian Vs Hill, Sarah C Gilbert, Miles Carroll, Andrew J Pollard, Sarah Fidler, Julie Fox, Teresa Lambe, John Frater
Abstract
Duration of protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection in people living with HIV (PWH) following vaccination is unclear. In a substudy of the phase II/III the COV002 trial (NCT04400838), 54 HIV+ male participants on antiretroviral therapy (undetectable viral loads, CD4+ T cells > 350 cells/μL) received 2 doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) 4-6 weeks apart and were followed for 6 months. Responses to vaccination were determined by serology (IgG ELISA and Meso Scale Discovery [MSD]), neutralization, ACE-2 inhibition, IFN-γ ELISpot, activation-induced marker (AIM) assay and T cell proliferation. We show that, 6 months after vaccination, the majority of measurable immune responses were greater than prevaccination baseline but with evidence of a decline in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. There was, however, no significant difference compared with a cohort of HIV-uninfected individuals vaccinated with the same regimen. Responses to the variants of concern were detectable, although they were lower than WT. Preexisting cross-reactive T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike were associated with greater postvaccine immunity and correlated with prior exposure to beta coronaviruses. These data support the ongoing policy to vaccinate PWH against SARS-CoV-2, and they underpin the need for long-term monitoring of responses after vaccination.
Keywords: AIDS/HIV; Adaptive immunity; COVID-19; Cellular immune response; T cells.
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