ARDS Clinical Practice Guideline 2021

Sadatomo Tasaka, Shinichiro Ohshimo, Muneyuki Takeuchi, Hideto Yasuda, Kazuya Ichikado, Kenji Tsushima, Moritoki Egi, Satoru Hashimoto, Nobuaki Shime, Osamu Saito, Shotaro Matsumoto, Eishu Nango, Yohei Okada, Kenichiro Hayashi, Masaaki Sakuraya, Mikio Nakajima, Satoshi Okamori, Shinya Miura, Tatsuma Fukuda, Tadashi Ishihara, Tetsuro Kamo, Tomoaki Yatabe, Yasuhiro Norisue, Yoshitaka Aoki, Yusuke Iizuka, Yutaka Kondo, Chihiro Narita, Daisuke Kawakami, Hiromu Okano, Jun Takeshita, Keisuke Anan, Satoru Robert Okazaki, Shunsuke Taito, Takuya Hayashi, Takuya Mayumi, Takero Terayama, Yoshifumi Kubota, Yoshinobu Abe, Yudai Iwasaki, Yuki Kishihara, Jun Kataoka, Tetsuro Nishimura, Hiroshi Yonekura, Koichi Ando, Takuo Yoshida, Tomoyuki Masuyama, Masamitsu Sanui, ARDS Clinical Practice Guideline 2021 committee from the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine, the Japanese Respiratory Society, and the Japanese Society of Respiratory Care Medicine, Takuro Nakashima, Aiko Masunaga, Aiko Tanaka, Akihiko Inoue, Akiko Higashi, Atsushi Tanikawa, Atsushi Ujiro, Chihiro Takayama, Daisuke Kasugai, Daisuke Kawakami, Daisuke Ueno, Daizoh Satoh, Shinichi Kai, Kohei Ota, Yoshihiro Hagiwara, Jun Hamaguchi, Ryo Fujii, Takashi Hongo, Yuki Kishihara, Naohisa Masunaga, Ryohei Yamamoto, Satoru Robert Okazaki, Ryo Uchimido, Tetsuro Terayama, Satoshi Hokari, Hitoshi Sakamoto, Dongli, Emiko Nakataki, Erina Tabata, Seisuke Okazawa, Futoshi Kotajima, Go Ishimaru, Haruhiko Hoshino, Hideki Yoshida, Hidetaka Iwai, Hiroaki Nakagawa, Hiroko Sugimura, Hiromichi Narumiya, Hiromu Okano, Hiroshi Nakamura, Hiroshi Sugimoto, Hiroyuki Hashimoto, Hiroyuki Ito, Hisashi Dote, Hisashi Imahase, Hitoshi Sato, Masahiro Katsurada, Ichiro Osawa, Jun Kamei, Jun Maki, Jun Sugihara, Jun Takeshita, Junichi Fujimoto, Junichi Ishikawa, Junko Kosaka, Junpei Shibata, Katsuhiko Hashimoto, Yasushi Nakano, Kazuki Kikuyama, Kazushige Shimizu, Kazuya Okada, Keishi Kawano, Keisuke Anan, Keisuke Ota, Ken-Ichi Kano, Kengo Asano, Kenichi Hondo, Kenji Ishii, Kensuke Fujita, Kenta Ogawa, Kentaro Ito, Kentaro Tokunaga, Kenzo Ishii, Kohei Kusumoto, Kohei Takimoto, Kohei Yamada, Koichi Naito, Koichi Yamashita, Koichi Yoshinaga, Kota Yamauchi, Maki Murata, Makiko Konda, Manabu Hamamoto, Masaharu Aga, Masahiro Kashiura, Masami Ishikawa, Masayuki Ozaki, Michihiko Kono, Michihito Kyo, Minoru Hayashi, Mitsuhiro Abe, Mitsunori Sato, Mizu Sakai, Motoshi Kainuma, Naoki Tominaga, Naoya Iguchi, Natsuki Nakagawa, Nobumasa Aoki, Norihiro Nishioka, Norihisa Miyashita, Nozomu Seki, Ryo Ikebe, Ryosuke Imai, Ryota Tate, Ryuhei Sato, Sachiko Miyakawa, Satoshi Kazuma, Satoshi Nakano, Satoshi Tetsumoto, Satoshi Yoshimura, Shigenori Yoshitake, Shin-Etsu Hoshi, Shingo Ohki, Shintaro Sato, Shodai Yoshihiro, Shoichi Ihara, Shota Yamamoto, Shunichi Koide, Shunsuke Kimata, Shunsuke Saito, Shunsuke Yasuo, Shusuke Sekine, Soichiro Mimuro, Soichiro Wada, Sosuke Sugimura, Tadashi Ishihara, Tadashi Kaneko, Tadashi Nagato, Takaaki Maruhashi, Takahiro Tamura, Takanori Ohno, Takashi Ichiyama, Takashi Niwa, Takashi Ueji, Takayuki Ogura, Takeshi Kawasaki, Takeshi Tanaka, Takeshi Umegaki, Taku Furukawa, Taku Omura, Takumi Nagao, Takuya Mayumi, Takuya Taniguchi, Takuya Yoshida, Tatsutoshi Shimatani, Teppei Murata, Tetsuya Sato, Tohru Sawamoto, Yoshifumi Koukei, Tomohiro Takehara, Tomomi Ueda, Tomoya Katsuta, Tomoya Nishino, Toshiki Yokoyama, Ushio Higashijima, Wataru Iwanaga, Yasushi Inoue, Yoshiaki Iwashita, Yoshie Yamada, Yoshifumi Kubota, Yoshihiro Suido, Yoshihiro Tomioka, Yoshihisa Fujimoto, Yoshihito Fujita, Yoshikazu Yamaguchi, Yoshimi Nakamura, Yoshinobu Abe, Yoshitomo Eguchi, Yoshiyasu Oshima, Yosuke Fukuda, Yudai Iwasaki, Yuichi Yasufuku, Yuji Shono, Yuka Nakatani, Yuki Nakamori, Yukie Ito, Yuko Tanabe, Yusuke Nagamine, Yuta Nakamura, Yutaro Kurihara, Sadatomo Tasaka, Shinichiro Ohshimo, Muneyuki Takeuchi, Hideto Yasuda, Kazuya Ichikado, Kenji Tsushima, Moritoki Egi, Satoru Hashimoto, Nobuaki Shime, Osamu Saito, Shotaro Matsumoto, Eishu Nango, Yohei Okada, Kenichiro Hayashi, Masaaki Sakuraya, Mikio Nakajima, Satoshi Okamori, Shinya Miura, Tatsuma Fukuda, Tadashi Ishihara, Tetsuro Kamo, Tomoaki Yatabe, Yasuhiro Norisue, Yoshitaka Aoki, Yusuke Iizuka, Yutaka Kondo, Chihiro Narita, Daisuke Kawakami, Hiromu Okano, Jun Takeshita, Keisuke Anan, Satoru Robert Okazaki, Shunsuke Taito, Takuya Hayashi, Takuya Mayumi, Takero Terayama, Yoshifumi Kubota, Yoshinobu Abe, Yudai Iwasaki, Yuki Kishihara, Jun Kataoka, Tetsuro Nishimura, Hiroshi Yonekura, Koichi Ando, Takuo Yoshida, Tomoyuki Masuyama, Masamitsu Sanui, ARDS Clinical Practice Guideline 2021 committee from the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine, the Japanese Respiratory Society, and the Japanese Society of Respiratory Care Medicine, Takuro Nakashima, Aiko Masunaga, Aiko Tanaka, Akihiko Inoue, Akiko Higashi, Atsushi Tanikawa, Atsushi Ujiro, Chihiro Takayama, Daisuke Kasugai, Daisuke Kawakami, Daisuke Ueno, Daizoh Satoh, Shinichi Kai, Kohei Ota, Yoshihiro Hagiwara, Jun Hamaguchi, Ryo Fujii, Takashi Hongo, Yuki Kishihara, Naohisa Masunaga, Ryohei Yamamoto, Satoru Robert Okazaki, Ryo Uchimido, Tetsuro Terayama, Satoshi Hokari, Hitoshi Sakamoto, Dongli, Emiko Nakataki, Erina Tabata, Seisuke Okazawa, Futoshi Kotajima, Go Ishimaru, Haruhiko Hoshino, Hideki Yoshida, Hidetaka Iwai, Hiroaki Nakagawa, Hiroko Sugimura, Hiromichi Narumiya, Hiromu Okano, Hiroshi Nakamura, Hiroshi Sugimoto, Hiroyuki Hashimoto, Hiroyuki Ito, Hisashi Dote, Hisashi Imahase, Hitoshi Sato, Masahiro Katsurada, Ichiro Osawa, Jun Kamei, Jun Maki, Jun Sugihara, Jun Takeshita, Junichi Fujimoto, Junichi Ishikawa, Junko Kosaka, Junpei Shibata, Katsuhiko Hashimoto, Yasushi Nakano, Kazuki Kikuyama, Kazushige Shimizu, Kazuya Okada, Keishi Kawano, Keisuke Anan, Keisuke Ota, Ken-Ichi Kano, Kengo Asano, Kenichi Hondo, Kenji Ishii, Kensuke Fujita, Kenta Ogawa, Kentaro Ito, Kentaro Tokunaga, Kenzo Ishii, Kohei Kusumoto, Kohei Takimoto, Kohei Yamada, Koichi Naito, Koichi Yamashita, Koichi Yoshinaga, Kota Yamauchi, Maki Murata, Makiko Konda, Manabu Hamamoto, Masaharu Aga, Masahiro Kashiura, Masami Ishikawa, Masayuki Ozaki, Michihiko Kono, Michihito Kyo, Minoru Hayashi, Mitsuhiro Abe, Mitsunori Sato, Mizu Sakai, Motoshi Kainuma, Naoki Tominaga, Naoya Iguchi, Natsuki Nakagawa, Nobumasa Aoki, Norihiro Nishioka, Norihisa Miyashita, Nozomu Seki, Ryo Ikebe, Ryosuke Imai, Ryota Tate, Ryuhei Sato, Sachiko Miyakawa, Satoshi Kazuma, Satoshi Nakano, Satoshi Tetsumoto, Satoshi Yoshimura, Shigenori Yoshitake, Shin-Etsu Hoshi, Shingo Ohki, Shintaro Sato, Shodai Yoshihiro, Shoichi Ihara, Shota Yamamoto, Shunichi Koide, Shunsuke Kimata, Shunsuke Saito, Shunsuke Yasuo, Shusuke Sekine, Soichiro Mimuro, Soichiro Wada, Sosuke Sugimura, Tadashi Ishihara, Tadashi Kaneko, Tadashi Nagato, Takaaki Maruhashi, Takahiro Tamura, Takanori Ohno, Takashi Ichiyama, Takashi Niwa, Takashi Ueji, Takayuki Ogura, Takeshi Kawasaki, Takeshi Tanaka, Takeshi Umegaki, Taku Furukawa, Taku Omura, Takumi Nagao, Takuya Mayumi, Takuya Taniguchi, Takuya Yoshida, Tatsutoshi Shimatani, Teppei Murata, Tetsuya Sato, Tohru Sawamoto, Yoshifumi Koukei, Tomohiro Takehara, Tomomi Ueda, Tomoya Katsuta, Tomoya Nishino, Toshiki Yokoyama, Ushio Higashijima, Wataru Iwanaga, Yasushi Inoue, Yoshiaki Iwashita, Yoshie Yamada, Yoshifumi Kubota, Yoshihiro Suido, Yoshihiro Tomioka, Yoshihisa Fujimoto, Yoshihito Fujita, Yoshikazu Yamaguchi, Yoshimi Nakamura, Yoshinobu Abe, Yoshitomo Eguchi, Yoshiyasu Oshima, Yosuke Fukuda, Yudai Iwasaki, Yuichi Yasufuku, Yuji Shono, Yuka Nakatani, Yuki Nakamori, Yukie Ito, Yuko Tanabe, Yusuke Nagamine, Yuta Nakamura, Yutaro Kurihara

Abstract

Background: The joint committee of the Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine/Japanese Respiratory Society/Japanese Society of Respiratory Care Medicine on ARDS Clinical Practice Guideline has created and released the ARDS Clinical Practice Guideline 2021.

Methods: The 2016 edition of the Clinical Practice Guideline covered clinical questions (CQs) that targeted only adults, but the present guideline includes 15 CQs for children in addition to 46 CQs for adults. As with the previous edition, we used a systematic review method with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system as well as a degree of recommendation determination method. We also conducted systematic reviews that used meta-analyses of diagnostic accuracy and network meta-analyses as a new method.

Results: Recommendations for adult patients with ARDS are described: we suggest against using serum C-reactive protein and procalcitonin levels to identify bacterial pneumonia as the underlying disease (GRADE 2D); we recommend limiting tidal volume to 4-8 mL/kg for mechanical ventilation (GRADE 1D); we recommend against managements targeting an excessively low SpO2 (PaO2) (GRADE 2D); we suggest against using transpulmonary pressure as a routine basis in positive end-expiratory pressure settings (GRADE 2B); we suggest implementing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for those with severe ARDS (GRADE 2B); we suggest against using high-dose steroids (GRADE 2C); and we recommend using low-dose steroids (GRADE 1B). The recommendations for pediatric patients with ARDS are as follows: we suggest against using non-invasive respiratory support (non-invasive positive pressure ventilation/high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy) (GRADE 2D), we suggest placing pediatric patients with moderate ARDS in the prone position (GRADE 2D), we suggest against routinely implementing NO inhalation therapy (GRADE 2C), and we suggest against implementing daily sedation interruption for pediatric patients with respiratory failure (GRADE 2D).

Conclusions: This article is a translated summary of the full version of the ARDS Clinical Practice Guideline 2021 published in Japanese (URL: https://www.jsicm.org/publication/guideline.html ). The original text, which was written for Japanese healthcare professionals, may include different perspectives from healthcare professionals of other countries.

Keywords: ARDS; Acute lung injury; Clinical practice guideline; Systematic review.

Conflict of interest statement

All committee members and panelists submitted disclosure forms of financial and academic conflict of interest (COI) prior to being requested to participate in individual activities. If panelists have any COI concerning each CQ, other panelists were assigned to replace the vacancy. All COI were collected according to the guideline written by Japanese Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Detailed information of COI and the roles in creating this clinical guideline are summarized in Additional file 7.

© 2022. The Author(s).

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