Prevalence of and risk factors for anal human papillomavirus infection among young healthy women in Costa Rica
Felipe A Castro, Wim Quint, Paula Gonzalez, Hormuzd A Katki, Rolando Herrero, Leen-Jan van Doorn, Mark Schiffman, Linda Struijk, Ana Cecilia Rodriguez, Corey DelVecchio, Douglas R Lowy, Carolina Porras, Silvia Jimenez, John Schiller, Diane Solomon, Sholom Wacholder, Allan Hildesheim, Aimée R Kreimer, Costa Rica Vaccine Trial Group, Mario Alfaro, Manuel Barrantes, M Concepción Bratti, Fernando Cárdenas, Bernal Cortés, Albert Espinoza, Yenory Estrada, Paula González, Diego Guillén, Rolando Herrero, Silvia E Jiménez, Jorge Morales, Luis Villegas, Lidia Ana Morera, Elmer Pérez, Carolina Porras, Ana Cecilia Rodríguez, Libia Rivas, Enrique Freer, José Bonilla, Alfonso García-Piñeres, Sandra Silva, Ivannia Atmella, Margarita Ramírez, Allan Hildesheim, Aimée R Kreimer, Douglas R Lowy, Nora Macklin, Mark Schiffman, John T Schiller, Mark Sherman, Diane Solomon, Sholom Wacholder, Ligia Pinto, Troy Kemp, Claire Eklund, Martha Hutchinson, Mary Sidawy, Wim Quint, Leen-Jan van Doorn, Linda Struijk, Bernardo Blanco, Ricardo Cerdas, Ana Hernández, José Miguel González, Osman López, Manuel Sánchez, Rafael Thompson, Jorge Umaña, Su Yen Araya, Hazel Barquero, Hayleen Campos, Muriel Grijalba, Ana Cristina Monge, Ana Peraza, Diana Robles, Fernanda Sáenz, Dorita Vargas, Jessica Vindas, Paola Alvarez, Dinia Angulo, Ana Live Arias, Betzaida Barrantes, Marianela Bonilla, Mary José Calvo, Loretto Carvajal, Jessenia Chinchilla, Blanca Cruz, Marianela Herrera, Andrea Interiano, Fabiola Jiménez, Erick Lagos, Viviana Loría, Andrea Messeguer, Rebeca Ocampo, Silvia Padilla, Angie Ramírez, Libia Rivas, Daniela Romero, Byron Romero, Jessenia Ruiz, Daniela Ruiz, Genie Saborío, Sofía Ssoto, Malena Salas, Adriana Torrez, Natalia Ugalde, Ana Cristina Ugalde, Adriana Vallejos, Yesenia Vázquez, Maricela Villegas, Marta Alvarado, Ana Cristina Arroyo, Gloriana Barrientos, Diana Díaz, Marlen Jara, Maureen Matarrita, María Ester Molina, Elida Ordóñez, Gina Sánchez, Zihara Villegas, Arianne Castrillo, Vivian López, Karla Coronado, Ricardo Alfaro, Charles Sánchez, Livia Romero, Cristian Montero, Carlos Avila, Eric Alpízar, Sofía Elizondo, Jean Cyr, Julie Buckland, Laurie Rich, Dennis Buckman, Kerry Grace Morrisey, Kirk Midkiff, Susan Truitt, Sonia Stoszek, Maribel Gomez, Isabel Trejos, Carla Chorley, Troy Moore, Kathi Shea, Heather Siefers, Gary Dubin, Anne Schuind, Frank Struyf, Kelechi Lawrence, Darrick Fu, Bruce Innis, Francis Dessy, Catherine Bougelet, Steve Self, Adriana Benavides, Luis Diego Calzada, Ruth Karron, Ritu Nayar, Nancy Roach, Joanna Cain, Diane Davey, David DeMets, Francisco Fuster, Ann Gershon, Elizabeth Holly, Silvia Lara, Henriette Raventós, Wasima Rida, Luis Rosero-Bixby, Kristen Suthers, Sarah Thomas, Raphael Viscidi, Annet Westbroek, Yvonne Zomerdijk, John Schussler, Nora Macklin, Marc T Goodman, Brenda Hernandez, Yuri Shvetsov, Felipe A Castro, Wim Quint, Paula Gonzalez, Hormuzd A Katki, Rolando Herrero, Leen-Jan van Doorn, Mark Schiffman, Linda Struijk, Ana Cecilia Rodriguez, Corey DelVecchio, Douglas R Lowy, Carolina Porras, Silvia Jimenez, John Schiller, Diane Solomon, Sholom Wacholder, Allan Hildesheim, Aimée R Kreimer, Costa Rica Vaccine Trial Group, Mario Alfaro, Manuel Barrantes, M Concepción Bratti, Fernando Cárdenas, Bernal Cortés, Albert Espinoza, Yenory Estrada, Paula González, Diego Guillén, Rolando Herrero, Silvia E Jiménez, Jorge Morales, Luis Villegas, Lidia Ana Morera, Elmer Pérez, Carolina Porras, Ana Cecilia Rodríguez, Libia Rivas, Enrique Freer, José Bonilla, Alfonso García-Piñeres, Sandra Silva, Ivannia Atmella, Margarita Ramírez, Allan Hildesheim, Aimée R Kreimer, Douglas R Lowy, Nora Macklin, Mark Schiffman, John T Schiller, Mark Sherman, Diane Solomon, Sholom Wacholder, Ligia Pinto, Troy Kemp, Claire Eklund, Martha Hutchinson, Mary Sidawy, Wim Quint, Leen-Jan van Doorn, Linda Struijk, Bernardo Blanco, Ricardo Cerdas, Ana Hernández, José Miguel González, Osman López, Manuel Sánchez, Rafael Thompson, Jorge Umaña, Su Yen Araya, Hazel Barquero, Hayleen Campos, Muriel Grijalba, Ana Cristina Monge, Ana Peraza, Diana Robles, Fernanda Sáenz, Dorita Vargas, Jessica Vindas, Paola Alvarez, Dinia Angulo, Ana Live Arias, Betzaida Barrantes, Marianela Bonilla, Mary José Calvo, Loretto Carvajal, Jessenia Chinchilla, Blanca Cruz, Marianela Herrera, Andrea Interiano, Fabiola Jiménez, Erick Lagos, Viviana Loría, Andrea Messeguer, Rebeca Ocampo, Silvia Padilla, Angie Ramírez, Libia Rivas, Daniela Romero, Byron Romero, Jessenia Ruiz, Daniela Ruiz, Genie Saborío, Sofía Ssoto, Malena Salas, Adriana Torrez, Natalia Ugalde, Ana Cristina Ugalde, Adriana Vallejos, Yesenia Vázquez, Maricela Villegas, Marta Alvarado, Ana Cristina Arroyo, Gloriana Barrientos, Diana Díaz, Marlen Jara, Maureen Matarrita, María Ester Molina, Elida Ordóñez, Gina Sánchez, Zihara Villegas, Arianne Castrillo, Vivian López, Karla Coronado, Ricardo Alfaro, Charles Sánchez, Livia Romero, Cristian Montero, Carlos Avila, Eric Alpízar, Sofía Elizondo, Jean Cyr, Julie Buckland, Laurie Rich, Dennis Buckman, Kerry Grace Morrisey, Kirk Midkiff, Susan Truitt, Sonia Stoszek, Maribel Gomez, Isabel Trejos, Carla Chorley, Troy Moore, Kathi Shea, Heather Siefers, Gary Dubin, Anne Schuind, Frank Struyf, Kelechi Lawrence, Darrick Fu, Bruce Innis, Francis Dessy, Catherine Bougelet, Steve Self, Adriana Benavides, Luis Diego Calzada, Ruth Karron, Ritu Nayar, Nancy Roach, Joanna Cain, Diane Davey, David DeMets, Francisco Fuster, Ann Gershon, Elizabeth Holly, Silvia Lara, Henriette Raventós, Wasima Rida, Luis Rosero-Bixby, Kristen Suthers, Sarah Thomas, Raphael Viscidi, Annet Westbroek, Yvonne Zomerdijk, John Schussler, Nora Macklin, Marc T Goodman, Brenda Hernandez, Yuri Shvetsov
Abstract
Background: Anal cancer is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), yet little is known about anal HPV infection among healthy young women.
Methods: A total of 2017 sexually active women in the control arm of an HPV-16/18 vaccine trial had a single anal specimen collected by a clinician at the 4-year study visit. Samples were tested for HPV by SPF(10) PCR/DEIA/LiPA(25), version 1.
Results: A total of 4% of women had HPV-16, 22% had oncogenic HPV, and 31% had any HPV detected in an anal specimen. The prevalence of anal HPV was higher among women who reported anal intercourse, compared with those who did not (43.4% vs 28.4%; P< .001). Among women who reported anal intercourse, cervical HPV (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 5.3 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 3.4-8.2]), number of sex partners (aOR, 2.2 [95% CI, 1.1-4.6] for ≥ 4 partners), and number of anal intercourse partners (aOR, 1.9 [95% CI, 1.1-3.3] for ≥ 2 partners) were independent risk factors for anal HPV detection. Among women who reported no anal intercourse, cervical HPV (aOR, 4.7 [95% CI, 3.7-5.9]), number of sex partners (aOR, 2.4 [95% CI, 1.7-3.4] for ≥ 4 partners), and report of anal fissures (aOR, 2.3 [95% CI, 1.1-4.8]) were associated with an increased odds of anal HPV detection.
Conclusion: Anal HPV is common among young women, even those who report no anal sex, and was associated with cervical HPV infection. Anal fissures in women who report never having had anal intercourse may facilitate HPV exposure.
Clinical trials registration: NCT00128661.
Source: PubMed