Tissue Conditioner Incorporating a Nano-Sized Surface Pre-Reacted Glass-Ionomer (S-PRG) Filler

Watcharapong Tonprasong, Masanao Inokoshi, Muneaki Tamura, Motohiro Uo, Takahiro Wada, Rena Takahashi, Keita Hatano, Makoto Shimizubata, Shunsuke Minakuchi, Watcharapong Tonprasong, Masanao Inokoshi, Muneaki Tamura, Motohiro Uo, Takahiro Wada, Rena Takahashi, Keita Hatano, Makoto Shimizubata, Shunsuke Minakuchi

Abstract

We aimed to evaluate the properties of a novel tissue conditioner containing a surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) nanofiller. Tissue conditioners containing 0 (control), 2.5, 5, 10, 20, or 30 wt% S-PRG nanofiller or 10 or 20 wt% S-PRG microfiller were prepared. The S-PRG nanofillers and microfillers were observed using scanning electron microscopy. The ion release, acid buffering capacity, detail reproduction, consistency, Shore A0 hardness, surface roughness, and Candida albicans adhesion of the tissue conditioners were examined. The results indicated that the nanofiller particles were smaller and more homogeneous in size than the microfiller particles. In addition, Al, B, F, and Sr ions eluted from S-PRG were generally found to decrease after 1 day. Acid neutralization was confirmed in a concentration-dependent manner. The mechanical properties of tissue conditioners containing S-PRG nanofiller were clinically acceptable according to ISO standard 10139-1:2018, although the surface roughness increased with increasing filler content. Conditioners with 5-30 wt% nanofiller had a sublethal effect on C. albicans and reduced fungal adhesion in vitro. In summary, tissue conditioner containing at least 5 wt% S-PRG nanofiller can reduce C. albicans adhesion and has potential as an alternative soft lining material.

Keywords: acid buffering capacity; consistency; detail reproduction; fungal adhesion; ion release; nanofiller; shore A0 hardness; surface pre-reacted glass ionomer (S-PRG) filler; surface roughness; tissue conditioner.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
SEM images of pure S-PRG (A) nanoparticles and (B) microparticles. Polygonal particles were observed in both cases.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Concentrations of (A) Al, (B) B, (C) F, and (D) Sr ions released after 1 day from tissue conditioners incorporating different ratios of S-PRG filler and the control. Different letters above the boxplots indicate statistically significant differences.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Ion release behavior from tissue conditioner specimens containing 10 and 20 wt% microfiller and nanofiller particles on days 1, 2, 4, and 7. Panels (A–D) show the Al, B, F, and Sr concentrations, respectively.
Figure 4
Figure 4
pH levels of the demineralizing solution after immersing the experimental and control specimens for 24 h. Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(A) Laser scanning micrographs illustrating the surface detail of different tissue conditioners. (B) Boxplots of surface roughness measured for different tissue conditioner specimens. Different letters above the plots indicate significant differences.
Figure 6
Figure 6
(A) Confocal laser scanning fluorescence micrographs showing Candida albicans cell adhesion on tissue conditioner specimens. The red-colored cells were stained using propidium iodide (PI) and considered dead. (B) Number of cell adhesion and (C) dead/living cell ratio on the specimens. The number of living cells (colored green) was calculated as the total cell number minus the dead cell number.

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