Environmental and spatial determinants of enteric pathogen infection in rural Lao People's Democratic Republic: A cross-sectional study

Anna N Chard, Karen Levy, Kelly K Baker, Kevin Tsai, Howard H Chang, Vonethalom Thongpaseuth, Jeticia R Sistrunk, Matthew C Freeman, Anna N Chard, Karen Levy, Kelly K Baker, Kevin Tsai, Howard H Chang, Vonethalom Thongpaseuth, Jeticia R Sistrunk, Matthew C Freeman

Abstract

clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02342860).

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1. Heat map of adjusted odds…
Fig 1. Heat map of adjusted odds ratios of associations between demographic and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) covariates and enteropathogen infection.
* indicates statistical significance at p<0.05, † indicates statistical significance at p<0.01, ‡ indicates statistical significance at p<0.001; p-values were not calculated for median odds ratios.
Fig 2. Intra-household infection concordance by enteropathogen,…
Fig 2. Intra-household infection concordance by enteropathogen, ordered from most to least prevalent enteropathogen in the population.
Concordance of pathogen infection among children under 5 (CU5), school-aged children (SAC), and adults living in the same household and association screening analysis results. * indicates household triad infection concordance, p<0.05; † indicates infection concordance among the adult & CU5, p<0.05; ‡ indicates infection concordance among the adult & SAC, p<0.05; § indicates infection concordance among the SAC & CU5, p<0.05.

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