Heart ABCA1 and PPAR- α Genes Expression Responses in Male rats: Effects of High Intensity Treadmill Running Training and Aqueous Extraction of Black Crataegus-Pentaegyna

Abbass Ghanbari-Niaki, Safieyh Ghanbari-Abarghooi, Fatemeh Rahbarizadeh, Navabeh Zare-Kookandeh, Monireh Gholizadeh, Fatemeh Roudbari, Asghar Zare-Kookandeh, Abbass Ghanbari-Niaki, Safieyh Ghanbari-Abarghooi, Fatemeh Rahbarizadeh, Navabeh Zare-Kookandeh, Monireh Gholizadeh, Fatemeh Roudbari, Asghar Zare-Kookandeh

Abstract

Introduction: Heart as a high metabolic and aerobic tissue is consuming lipid as a fuel for its energy provision at rest during light and moderate exercise, except when lactate level is higher in blood circulation. It has been shown that any type of regular exercise and crataegus species would improve cardiovascular function and minimizes several risk factors via stimulating lipid metabolism by acting on enzymes and genes expression such as ABCA1 and PPAR α which are involving in this process.

Materials and methods: Twenty Wistar male rats (4-6 weeks old, 140-173 g weight) were used. Animals were randomly classified into training (n = 10) and control (n = 10) groups and then divided into saline-control (SC), saline-training (ST), Crataegus-Pentaegyna -control (CPC), and Crataegus-Pentaegyna -training (CPT) groups. Training groups have performed a high-intensity running program (at 34 m/min (0% grade), 60 min/day, 5 days/week) on a motor-driven treadmill for eight weeks. Animals were orally fed with Crataegus-Pentaegyna extraction (500mg/kg) and saline solution for six weeks. Seventy- two hours after the last training session, rats were sacrificed, hearts were excised, cleaned and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 °C until RNA extraction. Plasma also was collected for plasma variable measurements. Statistical analysis was performed using a two way analysis of variance, and significance was accepted at P < 0.05.

Results: A non-significant (P < 0.4, P < 0.79, respectively) increase in ABCA1 and PPAR α genes expression was accompanied by a significant (P < 0.01, P < 0.04, P < 0.04, respectively) reduction in TC, TG, and VLDL-C levels in Crataegus-Pentaegyna groups.

Conclusions: Our findings show that a high intensity treadmill running was able to express ABCA1 and PPAR α in rat heart. Data also possibly indicate that the Crataeguse-Pentaegyna supplementation solely could mimic training effect on the mentioned genes and lipid profiles via different mechanism(s).

Keywords: Crataegus Extract; Heart; PPAR-α; Rats; Running.

Figures

Figure 1 .. Real-Time PCR of Heart…
Figure 1 .. Real-Time PCR of Heart ABCA1 Relative mRNA Expression in Saline- Control (SC), Saline-Training (ST), Crataegus-Pentaegyna -Control (CPC), and Crataegus-Pentaegyna -Training (CPT) Wild-Type male Rats. Wild-type male rats Data expressed as mean ± SEM. Each column is for each group including 5 rats
Figure 2.. Real-Time PCR of Heart PPAR-α…
Figure 2.. Real-Time PCR of Heart PPAR-α Relative mRNA Expression in Saline- Control (SC), Saline-Training (ST), Crataegus-Pentaegyna -Control (CPC), and Crataegus-Pentaegyna -Training (CPT) Wild-Type male Rats. Wild-type male rats Data expressed as mean ± SEM. Each column is for each group including 5 rats
Figure 3.. Plasma TG Concentration (mg/dL) in…
Figure 3.. Plasma TG Concentration (mg/dL) in Saline- Control (SC), Saline-Training (ST), Crataegus-Pentaegyna -Control (CPC), and Crataegus-Pentaegyna -Training (CPT) Wild-Type male Rats. Wild-type male rats Data expressed as mean ± SEM. Each column is for each group including 5 rats
Figure 4.. Plasma TC Concentration (mg/dL) in…
Figure 4.. Plasma TC Concentration (mg/dL) in Saline- Control (SC), Saline-Training (ST), Crataegus-Pentaegyna -Control (CPC), and Crataegus-Pentaegyna -Training (CPT) Wild-Type male Rats. Wild-type male rats Data expressed as mean ± SEM. Each column is for each group including 5 rats
Figure 5 .. Plasma VLDL Concentration (mg/dL)…
Figure 5 .. Plasma VLDL Concentration (mg/dL) in Saline- Control (SC), Saline-Training (ST), Crataegus Pentaegyna-Control (CPC), and Crataegus-Pentaegyna -Training (CPT) Wild-Type male Rats. Wild-type male rats Data expressed as mean ± SEM. Each column is for each group including 5 rats

References

    1. Crawford PA, Schaffer JE. Metabolic stress in the myocardium: adaptations of gene expression. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2013;55:130–8. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.06.008.
    1. Qi D, Rodrigues B. Glucocorticoids produce whole body insulin resistance with changes in cardiac metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2007;292(3):E654–67. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00453.2006.
    1. Stanley WC, Recchia FA, Lopaschuk GD. Myocardial substrate metabolism in the normal and failing heart. Physiol Rev. 2005;85(3):1093–129. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00006.2004.
    1. Stanley WC, Lopaschuk GD, McCormack JG. Regulation of energy substrate metabolism in the diabetic heart. Cardiovasc Res. 1997;34(1):25–33.
    1. van der Lee KA, Vork MM, De Vries JE, Willemsen PH, Glatz JF, Reneman RS, et al. Long-chain fatty acid-induced changes in gene expression in neonatal cardiac myocytes. J Lipid Res. 2000;41(1):41–7.
    1. Gilde AJ, van der Lee KA, Willemsen PH, Chinetti G, van der Leij FR, van der Vusse GJ, et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha and PPARbeta/delta, but not PPARgamma, modulate the expression of genes involved in cardiac lipid metabolism. Circ Res. 2003;92(5):518–24. doi: 10.1161/01.RES.0000060700.55247.7C.
    1. Oram JF, Vaughan AM. ATP-Binding cassette cholesterol transporters and cardiovascular disease. Circ Res. 2006;99(10):1031–43. doi: 10.1161/01.RES.0000250171.54048.5c.
    1. Zarubica A, Trompier D, Chimini G. ABCA1, from pathology to membrane function. Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol. 2007;453:569–79.
    1. Ghanbari-Niaki A. Treadmill exercise training enhances ATP-binding cassette protein-A1 (ABCA1) expression in male rats' heart and gastrocnemius muscles. Int J Endocrinol Metab. 2010;8(4):206–10.
    1. Tang C, Oram JF. The cell cholesterol exporter ABCA1 as a protector from cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009;1791(7):563–72. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.03.011.
    1. Kielar D, Dietmaier W, Langmann T, Aslanidis C, Probst M, Naruszewicz M, et al. Rapid quantification of human ABCA1 mRNA in various cell types and tissues by real-time reverse transcription-PCR. Clin Chem. 2001;47(12):2089–97.
    1. Wellington CL, Walker EK, Suarez A, Kwok A, Bissada N, Singaraja R, et al. ABCA1 mRNA and protein distribution patterns predict multiple different roles and levels of regulation. Lab Invest. 2002;82(3):273–83.
    1. Edwards JE, Brown PN, Talent N, Dickinson TA, Shipley PR. A review of the chemistry of the genus Crataegus. Phytochemistry. 2012;79:5–26. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.04.006.
    1. Kashyap CP, Vikrant Arya V, Thakur N. Ethnomedicinal and phytopharmacological potential of Crataegus oxyacantha Linn. - A review. Asia Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012:1194–9.
    1. Rigelsky JM, Sweet BV. Hawthorn: pharmacology and therapeutic uses. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2002;59(5):417–22.
    1. Tassell MC, Kingston R, Gilroy D, Lehane M, Furey A. Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Pharmacogn Rev. 2010;4(7):32–41. doi: 10.4103/0973-7847.65324.
    1. Kwok C, Wong C, Yau Mabel, Y, Yu Peter, H, Au Alice Lai ,S, Poon Christina, C, et al. Consumption of dried fruit of Crataegus pinnatifida (hawthorn) suppresses high-cholesterol diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats. J Functional Foods. 2010;2(3):179–186.
    1. Barros L, Carvalho AM, Ferreira IC. Comparing the composition and bioactivity of Crataegus Monogyna flowers and fruits used in folk medicine. Phytochem Anal. 2011;22(2):181–8. doi: 10.1002/pca.1267.
    1. Ebrahimzadeh MA, Bahramian F. Antioxidant activity of Crataegus pentaegyna subsp. elburensis fruits extracts used in traditional medicine in Iran. Pak J Biol Sci. 2009;12(5):413–9.
    1. Ghanbari-Niaki A, Jafari A, Abednazari H, Nikbakht H. Treadmill exercise reduces obestatin concentrations in rat fundus and small intestine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008;372(4):741–5. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.05.097.
    1. Fathi R, Ghanbari-Niaki A, Rahbarizadeh F, Hedayati M, Ghahramanloo E, Farshidi Z. The Effect of Exercise on Plasma Acylated Ghrelin Concentrations and Gastrocnemius Muscle mRNA Expression in Male Rats. Iran J Endocrinolog Metabol. 2009;10(5):519–26.
    1. Cai Y, Luo Q, Sun M, Corke H. Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of 112 traditional Chinese medicinal plants associated with anticancer. Life Sci. 2004;74(17):2157–84. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.09.047.
    1. Shatoor AS, Soliman H, Al-Hashem F, Gamal BE, Othman A, El-Menshawy N. Effect of Hawthorn (Crataegus aronia syn. Azarolus (L)) on platelet function in albino Wistar rats. Thromb Res. 2012;130(1):75–80. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2012.01.001.
    1. Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods. 2001;25(4):402–8. doi: 10.1006/meth.2001.1262.
    1. Ghanbari-Niaki A, Saghebjoo M, Hedayati M. A single session of circuit-resistance exercise effects on human peripheral blood lymphocyte ABCA1 expression and plasma HDL-C level. Regul Pept. 2011;166(1-3):42–7. doi: 10.1016/j.regpep.2010.08.001.
    1. Rashidlamir A, Ghanbari-Niaki A, Saadatnia A. The Effect of Eight Weeks of Wrestling and Wrestling Technique Based Circuit Training on Lymphocyte ABCA1 Gene Expression and Plasma Apolipoprotein A-I. World J Sport Sci. 2011;4(2):144–50.
    1. Butcher LR, Thomas A, Backx K, Roberts A, Webb R, Morris K. Low-intensity exercise exerts beneficial effects on plasma lipids via PPARgamma. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008;40(7):1263–70. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31816c091d.
    1. Tunstall RJ, Mehan KA, Wadley GD, Collier G R, Bonen A, Hargreaves M, et al. Expression in human skeletal muscle Exercise training increases lipid metabolism gene. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002;283:66–72.
    1. Petridou A, Tsalouhidou S, Tsalis G, Schulz T, Michna H, Mougios V. Long-term exercise increases the DNA binding activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in rat adipose tissue. Metabolism. 2007;56(8):1029–36. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2007.03.011.
    1. Russell AP, Feilchenfeldt J, Schreiber S, Praz M, Crettenand A, Gobelet C, et al. Endurance training in humans leads to fiber type-specific increases in levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha in skeletal muscle. Diabetes. 2003;52(12):2874–81.
    1. Kostic DA, Velickovic JM, Mitic SS, Mitic MN, Randelovic SS. Phenolic Content, and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Crataegus OxyacanthaL (Rosaceae)Fruit Extract from Southeast Serbia. Tropical J Pharmac Res. 2012;11(1):117–24.
    1. Chang Q, Zuo Z, Harrison F, Chow M. Hawthorn. J Clinic Pharmacolog. 2002;42(6):605–12. doi: 10.1177/00970002042006003.
    1. Vanden Heuvel JP. Diet, fatty acids, and regulation of genes important for heart disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2004;6(6):432–40.
    1. Singh MP, Pathak D, Sharma GK, Sharma CS. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARS): A Target with a Broad Therapeutic Potential for Human Diseases: An Overview. Pharmacologyonline. 2011;2:58–89.

Source: PubMed

Sponsors and Collaborators

Medical Conditions

Drug Interventions

3
Subscribe