Molar incisor hypomineralization: proportion and severity in primary public school children in Graz, Austria

Barbara Buchgraber, Lumnije Kqiku, Kurt A Ebeleseder, Barbara Buchgraber, Lumnije Kqiku, Kurt A Ebeleseder

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the proportion and severity of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in primary school children in Graz (southeast of Austria).

Materials and methods: In 1111 children aged 6 to 12 years (mean age 9.0 ± 1.2), a wet examination of all teeth was performed by three trained examiners using a dental chair, optimal illumination, a dental mirror, and a dental explorer. All teeth with MIH lesions were registered so that different definitions of MIH were applicable. According to the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry criteria that were considered valid at the time of the investigation, MIH was diagnosed when at least one first primary molar (FPM) was affected.

Results: MIH was present in 78 children (7.0%). In 64 children (5.8%), at least one molar and one incisor were affected (so-called M + IH). Additionally, in 9 children, only incisors were affected. In 7 affected children, teeth other than FPMs and incisors had MIH lesions. Almost an equal number of males (38) and females (40) were affected. The upper and lower molars were equally affected. The upper incisors were more frequently affected than the lower ones. Demarcated enamel opacities were the predominant types of defects.

Conclusion: The proportion of MIH was 7.0% in Graz, which is similar to other comparable trials.

Clinical relevance: This study has proven that MIH is an existing dental problem in Graz.

Keywords: Developmental defects; Enamel hypomineralization; MIH; Proportion.

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Funding

Funding for this study was provided by the University Clinic of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Division of Prosthodontics, Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Implantology, Medical University Graz.

Ethical approval

“All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.”

Informed consent

“Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.”

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Distribution of MIH-affected teeth

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