Prevalence and risk factors associated with peripheral arterial disease in the Hearts of Brazil Project
Marcia Makdisse, Alexandre da Costa Pereira, David de Pádua Brasil, Jairo Lins Borges, George Luiz Lins Machado-Coelho, José Eduardo Krieger, Raimundo Marques Nascimento Neto, Antonio Carlos Palandri Chagas, Hearts of Brazil Study and Peripheral Arterial Disease Committee of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology/Funcor, Marco Antônio Mota Gomes, Maria Christina Cavalcanti Ballut, Idália Vieira Azevedo Silva, Mário de Seixas Rocha, José Maria Bonfim de Morais, Geniberto Paiva Campos, Antônio Carlos Avanza Júnior, Antônio Carlos Avanza Júnior, Ricardo Nogueira de Paiva, Weimar Kunz Sebba Barroso de Souza, Oswaldo Barroso de Souza Filho, José Benedito Buhatem, Marta de Medeiros Neder, Ricardo Ayache, Giovanni Guarda Garcia, José Gabriel Guimarães, Raimundo M do Nascimento Neto, Otaviano José Greco Rodrigues, Guilherme Gustavo do Valle, Hamilton José Gonçalves, Wilson Coelho Pereira Filho, José Tasca, Nadja Sotero Natividade Mendes, Luiz Antônio P R de Resende, Elmiro Santos Resende, Armando Martins Pinto, Sonia Conde Cristino, Miguel Pereira Ribeiro, João Cavalcanti A Filho, Walter de Assumpção, Dalton Bertolim Precoma, Odilon Sehn, Mário Lins Peixoto, José Carlos Formiga L de Sousa, Jamil da Silva Soares, Antônio Alves Couto, Sônia Regina Reis Zimbaro, José Osman Gomes Aguiar, Rafael Arow Abitbol, Adalberto Oliveira, Jair Nogueira Filho, Maria Fátima de Azevedo, Ilmar Kohler, Fábio Allgayer, Leandro E Roese, André Avelino Steffens, Leila Beltrami Moreira, Alexandre Antonio Naujorks, Siegmar Starke, Miguel de Patta, Carlos Roberto Campos, Agnaldo Píspico, André Saab, José Francisco Kerr Saraiva, Ulisses Máquez Gianecchini, Wagner Tadeu Ligabó, Marcos Sleiman Molina, Celise Alessandra Sobral Denardi, Luiz Carlos Pontes, Décio de Lima Pinho, Carla Janice Lantieri Merten, Hermes Tóros Xavier, José Carlos Aidar Ayoub, Carlos Costa Magalhães, Carlos Alberto Machado, João Nóbrega de Almeida Filho, Geodete Batista Costa, Marcia Makdisse, Alexandre da Costa Pereira, David de Pádua Brasil, Jairo Lins Borges, George Luiz Lins Machado-Coelho, José Eduardo Krieger, Raimundo Marques Nascimento Neto, Antonio Carlos Palandri Chagas, Hearts of Brazil Study and Peripheral Arterial Disease Committee of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology/Funcor, Marco Antônio Mota Gomes, Maria Christina Cavalcanti Ballut, Idália Vieira Azevedo Silva, Mário de Seixas Rocha, José Maria Bonfim de Morais, Geniberto Paiva Campos, Antônio Carlos Avanza Júnior, Antônio Carlos Avanza Júnior, Ricardo Nogueira de Paiva, Weimar Kunz Sebba Barroso de Souza, Oswaldo Barroso de Souza Filho, José Benedito Buhatem, Marta de Medeiros Neder, Ricardo Ayache, Giovanni Guarda Garcia, José Gabriel Guimarães, Raimundo M do Nascimento Neto, Otaviano José Greco Rodrigues, Guilherme Gustavo do Valle, Hamilton José Gonçalves, Wilson Coelho Pereira Filho, José Tasca, Nadja Sotero Natividade Mendes, Luiz Antônio P R de Resende, Elmiro Santos Resende, Armando Martins Pinto, Sonia Conde Cristino, Miguel Pereira Ribeiro, João Cavalcanti A Filho, Walter de Assumpção, Dalton Bertolim Precoma, Odilon Sehn, Mário Lins Peixoto, José Carlos Formiga L de Sousa, Jamil da Silva Soares, Antônio Alves Couto, Sônia Regina Reis Zimbaro, José Osman Gomes Aguiar, Rafael Arow Abitbol, Adalberto Oliveira, Jair Nogueira Filho, Maria Fátima de Azevedo, Ilmar Kohler, Fábio Allgayer, Leandro E Roese, André Avelino Steffens, Leila Beltrami Moreira, Alexandre Antonio Naujorks, Siegmar Starke, Miguel de Patta, Carlos Roberto Campos, Agnaldo Píspico, André Saab, José Francisco Kerr Saraiva, Ulisses Máquez Gianecchini, Wagner Tadeu Ligabó, Marcos Sleiman Molina, Celise Alessandra Sobral Denardi, Luiz Carlos Pontes, Décio de Lima Pinho, Carla Janice Lantieri Merten, Hermes Tóros Xavier, José Carlos Aidar Ayoub, Carlos Costa Magalhães, Carlos Alberto Machado, João Nóbrega de Almeida Filho, Geodete Batista Costa
Abstract
Background: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. In Brazil, data on PAD prevalence and risk factors are scarce.
Objective: To assess prevalence and risk factors related to PAD in Brazilian urban centers with more than 100,000 inhabitants.
Methods: National, multicenter, cross-sectional study of 1,170 individuals (>18 years), from 72 major Brazilian urban centers participating in the "Hearts of Brazil Project". PAD diagnosis was based on ankle-brachial index (ABI) <or=0.90. The statistical analysis used the corrected Chi-square (Pearson) test for complex samples and confidence intervals. P< 0.05 was considered statitically significant.
Results: PAD prevalence was 10.5%. Intermittent claudication (IC) was present in only 9% of PAD patients. A significant association was found between PAD and the following factors: diabetes, total and abdominal obesity, stroke and ischemic heart disease (IHD). There was a trend of higher PAD prevalence among individuals with hypertension, heart failure, chronic renal failure on dialysis, as well as those who had smoked over 20 pack-years. For females, presence of IHD was associated with a 4.9-fold greater risk of PAD. Among males, a 6.6-fold increased risk of PAD was found for diabetic in comparison to non-diabetic individuals.
Conclusion: PAD prevalence was markedly high, considering the low mean age of the studied population (44+/-14.7 yrs). IC was detected in a minority of PAD subjects, indicating a considerable number of asymptomatic individuals. Diabetes, obesity, stroke and IHD were the stronger predictors of PAD. The authors concluded that ABI measurement should be considered in the evaluation of moderate to high cardiovascular risk patients.
Source: PubMed