Effects of Agave Fructans, Inulin, and Starch on Metabolic Syndrome Aspects in Healthy Wistar Rats

Evelyn Regalado-Rentería, Juan Rogelio Aguirre-Rivera, César Iván Godínez-Hernández, Juan Carlos García-López, A Cuauhtémoc Oros-Ovalle, Fidel Martínez-Gutiérrez, Marco Martinez-Martinez, Stefan Ratering, Sylvia Schnell, Miguel Ángel Ruíz-Cabrera, Bertha Irene Juárez-Flores, Evelyn Regalado-Rentería, Juan Rogelio Aguirre-Rivera, César Iván Godínez-Hernández, Juan Carlos García-López, A Cuauhtémoc Oros-Ovalle, Fidel Martínez-Gutiérrez, Marco Martinez-Martinez, Stefan Ratering, Sylvia Schnell, Miguel Ángel Ruíz-Cabrera, Bertha Irene Juárez-Flores

Abstract

Healthy Wistar rats were supplemented during 20 weeks with commercial inulin (I) and Agave tequilana fructans (CAT), experimental fructans from A. tequilana (EAT) and A. salmiana (AS) mature stems, rice starch 10% (RS), and standard feed for rodents (C). Feed intake was kept steady, but with I, body weight and abdominal adipose tissue (6.01 g) decreased at the end. Glucose (mg/dL) (C, 120.52; I, 110.69; CAT, 105.75; EAT, 115.48; AS, 101.63; and RS, 121.82), total cholesterol (C, 89.89; I, 64.48; CAT, 68.04; EAT, 68.74; AS, 68.04; and RS, 82), and triglycerides (C, 84.03; I, 59.52; CAT, 68.56; EAT, 59.08; AS, 75.27; and RS, 81.8) kept being normal and without differences between fructans. At the end, there was a significant increase in lactic acid bacteria when the I and AS groups were compared to the C group (C, 9.18; I, 10.64; CAT, 10.34; EAT, 10.36; AS, 10.49; and RS, 9.62 log 10 CFU/g of feces). In addition, with fructans, there was an accelerated process in feces emptiness, Lieberkühn crypts kept their morphology, and there was an increment of goblet cells.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Abdominal adipose tissue wet weight (g). C, control; I, commercial inulin; CAT, commercial fructans from A. tequilana; EAT, experimental fructans from A. tequilana; AS, fructans from A. salmiana; RS, rice starch. Means ± SEM (n = 9).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Variation of wet feces pH during the experimental period. C, control; I, commercial inulin; ATC, commercial fructans of A. tequilana; ATE, experimental fructans of A. tequilana; AS, fructans of A. salmiana; RS, rice starch. Means ± SEM (n = 9).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Relative abundance of significantly different ASVs in feces at the beginning (B) and at the end of the experiment (F) of each treatment: C, control; I, commercial inulin; CAT, commercial fructans from A. tequilana; EAT, experimental fructans from A. tequilana; AS, fructans from A. salmiana; RS, rice starch. Each taxon representing >1% of the average relative abundance in each treatment is indicated by a different color.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Heat map of delta values for each bacterium and treatment, representing the percent of ASV at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. The red color means an increase while the blue color means a decrease; the numbers of each color correspond to the value of the difference.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Weight of wet cecal content (g). C, control; I, commercial inulin; CAT, commercial fructans from A. tequilana; EAT, experimental fructans from A. tequilana; AS, fructans from A. salmiana; RS, rice starch. Means ± SD (n = 9).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Sample section of colon tissue (40×) stained by hematoxylin-eosin. C: Control, I: Commercial inulin, (c) CAT: Commercial fructans from A. tequilana, EAT: Experimental fructans from A. tequilana, AS: Fructans from A. salmiana, RS: Rice starch.

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