Metabolomic and BH3 profiling of esophageal cancers: novel assessment methods for precision therapy

Abstract

Background: Esophageal cancers accounted for nearly 16,000 deaths in 2016. The number of patients with esophageal cancers increases every year. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) prior to esophagectomy is a standard treatment for esophageal cancers. The patients who have no residual tumor (pathological complete response (pCR)) at surgery are the most likely to experience long term survival. Accurately determining which patients will have a pCR will improve prognostic information for patients and families, confirm lack of response to nCRT, or avoid surgery if no residual tumor is present. Imaging, endoscopy, and liquid biomarkers have all failed to detect pCR without performing an esophagectomy.

Methods: In this study, we are enrolling patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Patients will undergo standard evaluation including CT scans, laboratory tests, endoscopy with biopsies, and evaluation by a thoracic surgeon. Tissue biopsy is required for enrollment that will be sent for BH3 profiling and metabolomics. Patients will be treated with standard nCRT followed by surgery. Patients with metastatic disease are not eligible. Surgery at the National Cancer Institute will be minimally-invasive robotic surgery. Patients will remain on study indefinitely with regular clinic visits and imaging tests.

Discussion: The mitochondria are critically involved in the intrinsic pathway apoptosis. Bcl-2 homology domain 3 (BH3) profiling is a technique to measure a cell's susceptibility to apoptosis. BH3 profiling measures the relative interactions of proteins that induce or block apoptosis. The collective balance of these proteins determines whether a cell is near the threshold to undergo apoptosis. If the cell is near this threshold, then the tumor may be more likely to die when treated with nCRT. The mitochondria secrete metabolites that may be detectable as biomarkers. Metabolomics is a global assessment of all metabolite changes that has been performed for detection, monitoring, prognosis, and treatment response in cancers. Stratification of patients based on whether pCR occurs or not may elucidate metabolomic signatures that may be associated with response. We are asking whether BH3 profiling or a metabolomic signature will correlate with tumor death after nCRT for esophageal cancer.

Trial registration: NCT03223662 ; Clinicaltrials.gov. July 21, 2017.

Keywords: BH3 profiling; Esophageal adenocarcinoma; Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; Metabolomics; Pathologic complete response.

Conflict of interest statement

Authors’ information

Principal Investigator:

R. Taylor Ripley, M.D., National Cancer Institute/CCR, NIH.

10 Center Drive, CRC Room 4–3952.

Bethesda, MD 20892.

Phone: 301–496-2127.

Taylor.Ripley@nih.gov

https://ccr.cancer.gov/Thoracic-and-Gastrointestinal-Oncology-Branch/r-taylor-ripley

Research Nurse/Coordinator:

Cara M. Kenney, RN, OCD, CCR, NCI.

10 Center Drive, CRC Room 4–3752.

Bethesda, MD 20892.

Phone: 240–760-6233.

kenneycara@mail.nih.gov

Ethics approval and consent to participate

The ‘Metabolomic and BH3 Profiling of Esophageal Cancers: Identification of Novel Assessment Methods of Treatment Response for Precision Therapy’ trial was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.

The consent (‘The Consent to Participate in a Clinical Research Study)’ was approved by the NCI IRB and is giving to all patients prior to enrollment. The consent reference number is based on the intramural trial number, 17-C-0135, and is available as Additional file 1.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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