A Cross-National Analysis of the Effects by Bullying and School Exclusion on Subjective Happiness in 10-Year-Old Children

Diego Gomez-Baya, Francisco Jose Garcia-Moro, Javier Augusto Nicoletti, Rocio Lago-Urbano, Diego Gomez-Baya, Francisco Jose Garcia-Moro, Javier Augusto Nicoletti, Rocio Lago-Urbano

Abstract

Literature to date has well supported the detrimental consequences of bullying and school exclusion in different countries, with negative outcomes in school adjustment or child psychological adjustment, among others. However, more research is needed to understand the effects on positive indicators of psychological well-being in children as subjective happiness. Cross-national studies are also recommended to examine the differential effects by country. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine bullying and school exclusion, and their effects on child subjective happiness, from a cross-national perspective. Data from the Second Wave of Children's Worlds: International Survey of Children's Well-being (ISCWeB) was used, from a sample of 12,623 children aged 10 years old from 15 countries. Participants completed self-report measures of bullying, school exclusion and subjective happiness. Results showed that 20.8% of children suffered harassment and 17.6% felt excluded, twice or more times, at school. Negative effects of bullying and exclusion on subjective happiness were observed in all the sample. Furthermore, differences by country were found in the frequency of bullying and exclusion, as well as in the size of their effects on happiness. These results underline the need to protect child psychological well-being by preventing bullying and school exclusion.

Keywords: bullying; children; cross-national; cross-sectional; exclusion; happiness; well-being.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Percentage of participants who experienced, twice or more times, bullying and exclusion in the total sample and by country.
Figure 2
Figure 2
R2 values in the regression analyses to explain subjective happiness on the basis of bullying and exclusion, in the total sample and by country.

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