Dietary quality of predominantly traditional diets is associated with blood glucose profiles, but not with total fecal Bifidobacterium in Indonesian women

Shiela Stefani, Sanny Ngatidjan, Monica Paotiana, Kurnia A Sitompul, Murdani Abdullah, Dyah P Sulistianingsih, Anuraj H Shankar, Rina Agustina, Shiela Stefani, Sanny Ngatidjan, Monica Paotiana, Kurnia A Sitompul, Murdani Abdullah, Dyah P Sulistianingsih, Anuraj H Shankar, Rina Agustina

Abstract

Background: A high quality modern diet is associated with reduced risk of metabolic disease and diabetes. However, it remains unclear whether the quality of predominantly traditional ethnic diets is associated with such conditions. Moreover, the relationship between dietary quality and microbiota, a potential mediator of metabolic disease, has not been studied.

Objective: We investigated the relationship of dietary quality of traditional ethnic diets in Indonesia with fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, and the number of fecal Bifidobacterium.

Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted in selected districts with predominantly animal- or plant-based traditional diets of West Sumatera and West Java provinces, respectively. A total of 240 apparently healthy women aged 19-50 years were randomly selected from 360 women screened by a cluster sampling design. Dietary quality was assessed by 2-day repeated 24-hour food recall, and scored using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2010. FBG was quantified with the enzymatic colorimetric method, and HbA1c by using hexokinase and high-performance liquid chromatography, and total fecal Bifidobacterium by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Results: The HEI scores of 99% of women were <51, indicating a low-quality diet. In adjusted multivariate regression, HEI was inversely associated with FBG (ß = -0.403; 95% CI = -0.789 to -0.016; p = 0.041) and HbA1c (ß = -0.018; 95% CI = -0.036 to 0.000; p = 0.048) but was not significantly associated with total levels of Bifidobacterium (ß = -0.007, p = 0.275). Bifidobacterium count was not significantly associated with either FBG or HbA1c levels.

Conclusion: Low dietary quality is clearly associated with risk of increased markers of blood glucose. However, any mediating role of Bifidobacterium between dietary quality and glucose outcomes was not apparent. Innovative interventions for healthy eating should be implemented to increase dietary quality of populations transitioning from predominantly traditional to modern diets, to reduce the risk of diabetes, especially in women.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interest exist.

Figures

Fig 1. Flow of cluster sampling and…
Fig 1. Flow of cluster sampling and subject recruitment.
Fig 2. Scatterplots of Healthy Eating Index…
Fig 2. Scatterplots of Healthy Eating Index 2010 versus fecal Bifidobacterium counts among women in West Sumatera and West Java Provinces.

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