A Systematic Review of Survival Rates of Osseointegrated Implants in Fully and Partially Edentulous Patients Following Immediate Loading

Massimo Del Fabbro, Tiziano Testori, Vladan Kekovic, Funda Goker, Margherita Tumedei, Hom-Lay Wang, Massimo Del Fabbro, Tiziano Testori, Vladan Kekovic, Funda Goker, Margherita Tumedei, Hom-Lay Wang

Abstract

Background: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the survival rates of immediately loaded implants after at least five years. Besides implant failure, the amount of marginal bone loss around implants and the complication type were assessed.

Methods: The electronic search was undertaken on Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials using key terms such as: "immediate loading", "immediate function", "immediate restoration", "immediate temporization", "dental implants", "fully edentulous patients", "partially edentulous patients". The search terms were combined using the Boolean operators AND, OR. The last electronic search was performed on 15 February 2018. Two authors independently screened the studies, extracted the data, and assessed the risk-of bias. The main outcomes recorded for each study were: implant and prosthesis success and survival, marginal bone level change, incidence and type of complications. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate cumulative survival rates.

Results: Thirty-four prospective studies with at least five-year follow-up, published between 2007 and 2017 were included. A total of 5349 immediately loaded implants in 1738 patients were analyzed. The mean follow-up was 72.4 months (median 60 months, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 64.53, 80.25 months, range 60 to 147 months). The mean weighted implant survival was 97.4% (median 98.15%, 95% CI: 96.29%, 98.54%, range 83.80% to 100%). Cumulative survival rate of implants placed in the mandible was significantly higher than for the maxilla (p < 0.01). No significant difference in failure rate was found among the types of prosthesis employed (p = 0.27). The mean peri-implant bone level change at the end of the follow-up in each study ranged from 0.3 to 1.7 mm.

Conclusion: Immediate loading of implants appears to have long-term predictability and success rate under well-defined circumstances.

Keywords: Immediate loading; dental implants; fully edentulous patients; immediate restoration; partially edentulous patients; systematic review.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PRISMA flow chart of the study selection process.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Proportion of the failed implants according to the timing of failure.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Kaplan–Meier analysis for mandible and maxilla.

References

    1. Albrektsson T., Brånemark P.-I., Hansson H.-A., Lindström J. Osseointegrated Titanium Implants: Requirements for Ensuring a Long-Lasting, Direct Bone-to-Implant Anchorage in Man. Acta Orthopaed. Scand. 1981;52:155–170. doi: 10.3109/17453678108991776.
    1. Testori T., Del Fabbro M., Bianchi F., Francetti L., Weinstein R.L., Feldman S., Vincenzi G., Sullivan D., Rossi R., Jr., Anitua E. A multicenter prospective evaluation of 2-months loaded OsseotiteR implants placed in the posterior jaws: 3-year follow-up results. Clin. Oral Implant. Res. 2002;13:154–161. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0501.2002.130205.x.
    1. Chiapasco M., Gatti C., Rossi E., Haeflige W., Markwaldel T.H. Implant-retained mandibular overdentures with immediate loading. Clin. Oral Implant. Res. 1997;8:48–57. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.1997.tb00007.x.
    1. Del Fabbro M., Testori T., Francetti L., Taschieri S., Weinstein R. Systematic Review of Survival Rates for Immediately Loaded Dental Implants. Int. J. Periodontics Restor. Dent. 2006;26:249–263.
    1. Brånemark P. Osseointegrated implants in the treatment of edentulous jaw, Experience from a 10-year period. Scand. J. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 1977;1:1–132.
    1. Sarmiento A., Schaeffer J. Fracture healing in rat femora as affected by functional weight-bearing. J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am. 1977;59:369–375. doi: 10.2106/00004623-197759030-00014.
    1. Hulbert S.F., Matthews J.R., Klawitter J.J., Sauer B.W., Leonard R.B. Effect of stress on tissue ingrowth into porous aluminum oxide. J. Biomed. Mat. Res. 1974;8:85–97. doi: 10.1002/jbm.820080310.
    1. Rubin C., McLeod K. Promotion of bony ingrowth by frequency-specific, low-amplitude mechanical strain. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 1994;298:165–174. doi: 10.1097/00003086-199401000-00022.
    1. Albrektsson T., Buser D., Chen S.T., Cochran D., DeBruyn H., Jemt T., Koka S., Nevins M., Sennerby L., Simion M., et al. Statements from the Estepona Consensus Meeting on Peri-implantitis. Clin. Implant Dent. Relat. Res. 2012;14:781–782. doi: 10.1111/cid.12017.
    1. Chrcanovic B.R., Albrektsson T., Wennerberg A. Immediate nonfunctional versus immediate functional loading and dental implant failure rates: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Dent. 2014;42:1052–1059. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.06.010.
    1. Testori T., Bianchi F., Del Fabbro M., Francetti L., Weinstein R.L. Immediate non-occlusal loading vs. early loading in partially edentulous patients. Pract. Proced. Esthet. Dent. 2003;15:787–794.
    1. Testori T., Galli F., Del Fabbro M. In: Immediate Loading: A New Era in Oral Implantology. Testori T., Galli F., Del Fabbro M., editors. Quintessence Publishing Co. Ltd.; Berlin, Germany: 2011.
    1. Degidi M., Piattelli A. Immediate Functional and Non-Functional Loading of Dental Implants: A 2- to 60-Month Follow-Up Study of 646 Titanium Implants. J. Periodontol. 2003;74:225–241. doi: 10.1902/jop.2003.74.2.225.
    1. Degidi M., Nardi D., Piattelli A. A comparison between immediate loading and immediate restoration in cases of partial posterior mandibular edentulism: A 3-year randomized clinical trial. Clin. Oral Implant. Res. 2010;21:682–687. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01910.x.
    1. Wood D.L., Hoag P.M., Donnenfeld O.W., Rosenfeld L.D. Alveolar Crest Reduction Following Full and Partial Thickness Flaps. J. Periodontol. 1972;43:141–144. doi: 10.1902/jop.1972.43.3.141.
    1. Liberati A., Altman D.G., Tetzla J., Mulrow C., Gøtzsche P.C., Ioannidis J.P., Clarke M., Devereaux P.J., Kleijnen J., Moher D. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: Explanation and elaboration. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 2009;62:1–34. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.006.
    1. Jaffin R., Kolesar M., Kumar A., Ishikawa S., Fiorellini J. The radiographic bone loss pattern adjacent to immediately placed, immediately loaded implants. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implant. 2007;22:187–194. doi: 10.1308/135576108784000302.
    1. Calandriello R., Tomatis M. Immediate Occlusal Loading of Single Lower Molars Using Brånemark System® Wide Platform TiUnite™ Implants: A 5-Year Follow-Up Report of a Prospective Clinical Multicenter Study. Clin. Implant Dent. Relat. Res. 2011;13:311–318. doi: 10.1111/j.1708-8208.2009.00214.x.
    1. Degidi M., Iezzi G., Perrotti V., Piattelli A. Comparative Analysis of Immediate Functional Loading and Immediate Nonfunctional Loading to Traditional Healing Periods: A 5-Year Follow-Up of 550 Dental Implants. Clin. Implant Dent. Relat. Res. 2009;11:257–266. doi: 10.1111/j.1708-8208.2008.00117.x.
    1. Payer M., Heschl A., Wimmer G., Wegscheider W., Kirmeier R., Lorenzoni M. Immediate provisional restoration of screw-type implants in the posterior mandible: Results after 5 years of clinical function. Clin. Oral Implant. Res. 2010;21:815–821. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2010.01919.x.
    1. Capelli M., Esposito M., Zuffetti F., Galli F., Del Fabbro M., Testori T. A 5-year report from a multicentre randomised clinical trial: Immediate non-occlusal versus early loading of dental implants in partially edentulous patients. Eur. J. Oral Implantol. 2010;3:209–219.
    1. Prosper L., Crespi R., Valenti E., Capparé P., Gherlone E. 3 Five-Year Follow-up of Wide-Diameter Implants Placed in Fresh Molar Extraction Sockets in the Mandible: Immediate Versus Delayed Loading. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implant. 2010;25:607–612.
    1. Malchiodi L., Giovanni Corrocher G., Cucchi A., Ghensi P., Bissolotti G., Nocini P.F. Long-Term Results of Immediately Loaded Fast bone Regeneration–Coated Implants Placed in Fresh Extraction Sites in the Upper Jaw. J. Oral Implantol. 2010;36:251–261. doi: 10.1563/AAID-JOI-D-09-00016.
    1. Balshi T.J., Wolfinger G.J., Wulc D., Balshi S.F. A Prospective Analysis of Immediate Provisionalization of Single Implants. J. Prosthodont. 2011;20:10–15. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-849X.2010.00659.x.
    1. Malo P., Nobre M.A., Lopes A., Moss S.M., Molina G.J. A longitudinal study of the survival of All-on-4 implants in the mandible with up to 10 years of follow-up. JADA. 2011;142:310–320. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.2011.0170.
    1. Ozkan Y., Akoglu B., Kulak-Ozkan Y. Maxillary Sinus Floor Augmentation Using Bovine Bone Grafts with Simultaneous Implant Placement: A 5-Year Prospective Follow-Up Study. Implant Dent. 2011;20:455–459. doi: 10.1097/ID.0b013e3182386cbc.
    1. Mertens C., Steveling H.G. Early and immediate loading of titanium implants with fluoride-modified surfaces: Results of 5-year prospective study. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 2011;22:1354–1360. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2010.02123.x.
    1. Horwitz J., Machtei E.E. Immediate and Delayed Restoration of Dental Implants in Patients with a History of Periodontitis: A Prospective Evaluation up to 5 Years. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implant. 2012;27:1137–1143.
    1. Levine R.A., Sendi P., Bornstein M.M. Immediate Restoration of Nonsubmerged Titanium Implants with a Sandblasted and Acid-Etched Surface: Five-Year Results of a Prospective Case Series Study Using Clinical and Radiographic Data. Int. J. Periodontics Restor. Dent. 2012;32:39–47.
    1. Davò R., Malevez C., Pons O. Immediately loaded zygomatic implants: A 5-year prospective study. Eur. J. Oral Implantol. 2013;6:39–47.
    1. Degidi M., Nardi D., Piattelli A. A Six-Year Follow-up of Full-Arch Immediate Restorations Fabricated with an Intraoral Welding Technique. Implant Dent. 2013;22:224–231. doi: 10.1097/ID.0b013e31829261ed.
    1. Romanos G.E., Gaertner K., Aydin E., Nentwig G.H. Long-term results after immediate loading of platform-switched implants in smokers versus nonsmokers with full-arch restorations. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implant. 2013;8:841–845. doi: 10.11607/jomi.3223.
    1. Glauser R. Implants with an oxidized surface placed predominately in soft bone quality and subjected to immediate occlusal loading: Results from a 7-year clinical follow-up. Clin. Implant Dent. Relat. Res. 2013;15:322–331. doi: 10.1111/j.1708-8208.2011.00352.x.
    1. Rocci A., Rocci M., Rocci C., Scoccia A., Gargari M., Martignoni M., Gottlow J., Sennerby L. Immediate Loading of Brånemark System TiUnite and Machined-Surface Implants in the Posterior Mandible, Part II: A Randomized Open-Ended 9-Year Follow-up Clinical Trial. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implant. 2013;28:891–895. doi: 10.11607/jomi.2397.
    1. Tealdo T., Menini M., Bevilacqua M., Pera F., Pesce P., Signori A., Pera P. Immediate versus delayed loading of dental implants in edentulous patients’ maxillae: A 6-year prospective study. Int. J. Prosthodont. 2014;27:207–214. doi: 10.11607/ijp.3569.
    1. Crespi R., Capparè P., Gastaldi G., Gherlone E.F. Immediate Occlusal Loading of Full-Arch Rehabilitations: Screw-Retained Versus Cement-Retained Prosthesis. An 8-Year Clinical Evaluation. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implant. 2014;29:1406–1411. doi: 10.11607/jomi.3746.
    1. Cooper L.F., Reside G., Raes F., Garriga J.S., Tarrida L.G., Wiltfang J., Kern M.D.M., De Bruyn H. Immediate Provisionalization of Dental Implants in Grafted Alveolar Ridges in the Esthetic Zone: A 5-Year Evaluation. Int. J. Periodontics Restor. Dent. 2014;34:477–486. doi: 10.11607/prd.2022.
    1. Jokstad A., Alkumru H. Immediate function on the day of surgery compared with a delayed implant loading process in the mandible: A randomized clinical trial over 5 years. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 2014;25:1325–1335. doi: 10.1111/clr.12279.
    1. Donati M., La Scala V., Di Raimondo R., Speroni S., Testi M., Berglundh T. Marginal Bone Preservation in Single-Tooth Replacement: A 5-Year Prospective Clinical Multicenter Study. Clin. Implant Dent. Relat. Res. 2015;17:425–434. doi: 10.1111/cid.12117.
    1. Shigehara S., Ohba S., Nakashima K., Takanashi Y., Asahina I. Immediate Loading of Dental Implants Inserted in Edentulous Maxillas and Mandibles: 5-Year Results of a Clinical Study. J. Oral Implantol. 2015;41:701–705. doi: 10.1563/AAID-JOI-D-14-00018.
    1. Romanos G.E., Gaertner K., Nentwig G.H. Long-Term Evaluation of Immediately Loaded Implants in the Edentulous Mandible Using Fixed Bridges and Platform Shifting. Clin. Implant Dent. Relat. Res. 2014;16:601–608. doi: 10.1111/cid.12032.
    1. Toljanic J.A., Ekstrand K., Baer R.A., Thor A. Immediate Loading of Tilted and Axial Posterior Implants in the Edentulous Maxillary Arch: A Retrospective Comparison of 5-Year Outcomes. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implant. 2018;33:433–438. doi: 10.11607/jomi.6107.
    1. Cannizzaro G., Felice P., Boveri M., Lazzarini M., Ferri V., Leone M., Trullenque-Eriksson A., Esposito M. Immediate loading of two flapless placed mandibular implants supporting cross-arch fixed prostheses: A 5-year follow-up prospective single cohort study. Eur. J. Oral Implantol. 2016;9:165–177.
    1. Canullo L., Caneva M., Tallarico M. Ten-year hard and soft tissue results of a pilot double-blinded randomized controlled trial on immediately loaded post extractive implants using platform-switching concept. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 2017;28:1195–1203. doi: 10.1111/clr.12940.
    1. Glibert M., De Bruyn H., Östman P.O. Six-Year Radiographic, Clinical, and Soft Tissue Outcomes of Immediately Loaded, Straight-Walled, Platform-Switched, Titanium-Alloy Implants with Nanosurface Topography. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implant. 2016;31:167–171. doi: 10.11607/jomi.4162.
    1. Tallarico M., Meloni S.M., Canullo L., Caneva M., Polizzi G. Five-Year Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Patients Rehabilitated with Immediately Loaded Maxillary Cross-Arch Fixed Dental Prosthesis Supported by Four or Six Implants Placed Using Guided Surgery. Clin. Implant Dent. Relat. Res. 2016;18:965–972. doi: 10.1111/cid.12380.
    1. Agliardi E.L., Romeo D., Panigatti S., de Araújo Nobre M., Maló P. Immediate full-arch rehabilitation of the severely atrophic maxilla supported by zygomatic implants: A prospective clinical study with minimum follow-up of 6 years. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2017;46:1592–1599. doi: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.05.023.
    1. Garlini G., Chierichetti V., Redemagni M., Calderini A. Single Post-Extractive Implants with Immediate Loading: Soft Tissue Response After 10 Years. Oral Health Dent. 2017;1:72–82.
    1. Meloni S.M., Tallarico M., Pisano M., Xhanari E., Canullo L. Immediate Loading of Fixed Complete Denture Prosthesis Supported by 4–8 Implants Placed Using Guided Surgery: A 5-Year Prospective Study on 66 Patients with 356 Implants. Clin. Implant Dent. Relat. Res. 2017;19:195–206. doi: 10.1111/cid.12449.
    1. Raes F., Cooper L.F., Tarrida L.G., Vandromme H., De Bruyn H. Oral health-related quality of life changes after placement of immediatelyloaded single implants in healed alveolar ridges or extraction sockets: A 5-year prospective follow-up study. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 2017;28:662–667. doi: 10.1111/clr.12858.
    1. Misch C.E., Hahn J., Judy K.W. Workshop guidelines on immediate loading in implant dentistry. J. Oral Implantol. 2004;30:283–288. doi: 10.1563/0722.1.
    1. Szmukler-Moncler S., Salama H., Reingewirtz Y., Dubruille J.H. Time of loading and effect of micromotion on bone—Dental implant interface: Review of experimental literature Timing of Loading and Effect of Micromotion on Bone—Dental Implant Interface: Review of Experimental Literature. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 1998;43:192–203. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(199822)43:2<192::AID-JBM14>;2-K.
    1. Nkenke E., Fenner M. Indications for immediate loading of implants and implant success. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 2006;17:19–34. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2006.01348.x.
    1. Gallucci G.O., Benic G.I., Eckert S.E., Papaspyridakos P., Schimmel M., Schrott A., Weber H.-P. Consensus Statements and Clinical Recommendations for Implant Loading Protocols. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implant. 2014;29:287–290. doi: 10.11607/jomi.2013.g4.
    1. Weber H.P., Morton D., Gallucci G.O., Roccuzzo M., Cordaro L., Grutter L. Consensus statements and recommended clinical procedures regarding loading protocols. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implant. 2009;24:180–183.
    1. Chappuis V., Araujo M.G., Buser D. Clinical relevance of dimensional bone and soft tissue alterations post-extraction in esthetic sites. Periodontology 2000. 2017;73:73–83. doi: 10.1111/prd.12167.
    1. De Bruyn H., Raes F., Cooper L.F., Reside G., Garriga J.S., Tarrida L.G., Wiltfang J., Kern M. Three-years clinical outcome of immediate provisionalization of single Osseospeed implants in extraction sockets and healed ridges. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 2013;24:217–223. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2012.02449.x.
    1. Testori T., Del Fabbro M., Galli F., Francetti L., Taschieri S., Weinstein R. Immediate occlusal loading the same day or the after implant placement: Comparison of 2 different time frames in total edentulous lower jaws. J. Oral Implantol. 2004;30:307–313. doi: 10.1563/0678.1.
    1. Buser D., Cho J.-Y., Yeo A. Surgical Manual of Implant Dentistry: Step-by-Step Procedures. Quintessence Publishing; Batavia, IL, USA: 2007. pp. 39–61. Chapter 4.
    1. Clementini M., Risi V., De Vittorini G. Dimensional changes after immediate implant placement with or without simultaneous regenerative procedures: A systematic review and. J. Clin. Periodontol. 2015;1:666–677. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12423.
    1. Thoma D.S., Muhlemann S., Jung R.E. Critical soft-tissue dimensions with dental implants and treatment concepts. Periodontology 2000. 2014;66:106–118. doi: 10.1111/prd.12045.
    1. Cooper L.F., Reside G.J., Raes F., Garriga J.S., Tarrida L.G., Wiltfang J., Kern M., De Bruyn H. Immediate provisionalization of dental implants placed in healed alveolar ridges and extraction sockets: A 5-year prospective evaluation. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implant. 2014;29:709–717. doi: 10.11607/jomi.3617.

Source: PubMed

Sponsors and Collaborators

Medical Conditions

Drug Interventions

3
Subscribe