Cell Therapy for Parkinson's Disease

Takao Yasuhara, Masahiro Kameda, Tatsuya Sasaki, Naoki Tajiri, Isao Date, Takao Yasuhara, Masahiro Kameda, Tatsuya Sasaki, Naoki Tajiri, Isao Date

Abstract

Cell therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) began in 1979 with the transplantation of fetal rat dopamine-containing neurons that improved motor abnormalities in the PD rat model with good survival of grafts and axonal outgrowth. Thirty years have passed since the 2 clinical trials using cell transplantation for PD patients were first reported. Recently, cell therapy is expected to develop as a realistic treatment option for PD patients owing to the advancement of biotechnology represented by pluripotent stem cells. Medication using levodopa, surgery including deep brain stimulation, and rehabilitation have all been established as current therapeutic strategies. Strong therapeutic effects have been demonstrated by these treatment methods, but they have been unable to stop the progression of the disease. Fortunately, cell therapy might be a key for true neurorestoration. This review article describes the historical development of cell therapy for PD, the current status of cell therapy, and the future direction of this treatment method.

Keywords: ES cells; cell therapy; dopaminergic neuron; iPSCs; transplantation.

Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Two keystones of cell therapy: neural restoration and amelioration of the host tissue environment. The idealistic form of regenerative medicine might be neural restoration, but the positive effects of host tissue should also be considered.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Consideration of cell source. Transplanted cells can be divided into 2 groups. Autologous cells can be used with few ethical issues and need no immunosuppression, while nonautologous cells can be produced like a drug and offer uniform quality.

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