European Society of Cardiology: cardiovascular disease statistics 2021
Adam Timmis, Panos Vardas, Nick Townsend, Aleksandra Torbica, Hugo Katus, Delphine De Smedt, Chris P Gale, Aldo P Maggioni, Steffen E Petersen, Radu Huculeci, Dzianis Kazakiewicz, Victor de Benito Rubio, Barbara Ignatiuk, Zahra Raisi-Estabragh, Agnieszka Pawlak, Efstratios Karagiannidis, Roderick Treskes, Dan Gaita, John F Beltrame, Alex McConnachie, Isabel Bardinet, Ian Graham, Marcus Flather, Perry Elliott, Elias A Mossialos, Franz Weidinger, Stephan Achenbach, Atlas Writing Group, European Society of Cardiology, Lezha Mimoza, Goda Artan, Demiraj Aurel, Mohammed Chettibi, Naima Hammoudi, Katarine Vardanyan, Sergey Pepoyan, Hamayak Sisakian, Daniel Scherr, Peter Siostrzonek, Bernhard Metzer, Isah Mustafayev, Tofig Jahangirov, Yasmin Rustamova, Natalya Mitkovskaya, Natalya Shibeka, Valeriy Stelmashok, Michel De Pauw, Patrizio Lancellotti, Marc Claeys, Zumreta Kušljugić, Alen Džubur, Elnur Smajić, Mariya Tokmakova, Vassil Traykov, Davor Milicic, Marijan Pasalic, Sasa Pavasovic, Theodoros Christodoulides, Ilias Papasavvas, Christos Eftychiou, Aleš Linhart, Miloš Táborský, Martin Hutyra, Jacob Thorsted Sørensen, Mads Jønsson Andersen, Steen Dalby Kristensen, Magdy Abdelhamid, Khaled Shokry, Priit Kampus, Mika Laine, Matti Niemelä, Bernard Iung, Ariel Cohen, Christophe Leclercq, Dali Trapaidze, Kakhaber Etsadashvili, Alexander Aladashvili, Kurt Bestehorn, Stephan Baldus, Andreas M Zeiher, John Kanakakis, Alexandria Patrianakos, Christina Chrysohoou, Zoltán Csanádi, Dávid Becker, Zoltán Járai, Þórdís Jóna Hrafnkelsdóttir, Vincent Maher, Jim Crowley, Barbra Dalton, Arik Wolak, Eyal Ben Assa, Barak Zafrir, Adriano Murrone, Carmen Spaccarotella, Stefano Urbinati, Berkinbayev Salim, Sakhov Orazbek, Abdrakhmanov Ayan, Gani Bajraktari, Docor Afrim Poniku, Mirrakhimov Erkin, Abilova Saamay, Kalysov Kurban, Andrejs Erglis, Sanda Jegere, Iveta Bajare, Malek Mohammed, Antoine Sarkis, Georges Saadeh, Rimvydas Šlapikas, Tomas Lapinskas, Jelena Čelutkienė, Khaled Ellafi, Fathi El Ghamari, Jean Beissel, Cristiana Banu, Tiziana Felice, Robert Xuereb, Mihail Popovici, Dorin Lisii, Victor Rudi, Aneta Boskovic, Miroslav Rabrenovic, Samir Ztot, Saadia Abir-Khalil, J G Meeder, A C van Rossum, M Elsendoorn, Jorgo Kostov, Elizabeta Srbinovska Kostovska, Sasko Kedev, Kristin Angel, Ole Christian Mjølstad, Øyvind Bleie, Marek Gierlotka, Rafał Dąbrowski, Piotr Jankowski, Sérgio Bravo Baptista, Jorge Ferreira, Victor Gil, Elisabeta Badila, Dan Gaita, Bogdan A Popescu, Evgeny Shlyakhto, Nadezhda Zvartau, Evgenia Kotova, Marina Foscoli, Marco Zavatta, Sinisa Stojkovic, Milorad Tesic, Stefan Juricic, Gabriela Kaliská, Robert Hatala, Peter Hlivák, Zlatko Fras, Matjaž Bunc, Andrej Pernat, Ángel Cequier, Manuel Anguita, Javier Muñiz, Bengt Johansson, Pyotr Platonov, David Carballo, Marjam Rüdiger-Stürchler, Felix C Tanner, Hussam Eddin Shebli, Samer Kabbani, Leila Abid, Addad Faouzi, Salem Abdessalem, Vedat Aytekin, Ilyas Atar, V Kovalenko, E Nesukay, Andrew Archbold, Upasana Tayal, Chris Wilkinson, Ravshanbek Kurbanov, Khurshid Fozilov, Mirakhmadjon Mirmaksudov, Dennis Boateng, Ghislain Daval, Ganna Momotyuk, David Sebastiao, Adam Timmis, Panos Vardas, Nick Townsend, Aleksandra Torbica, Hugo Katus, Delphine De Smedt, Chris P Gale, Aldo P Maggioni, Steffen E Petersen, Radu Huculeci, Dzianis Kazakiewicz, Victor de Benito Rubio, Barbara Ignatiuk, Zahra Raisi-Estabragh, Agnieszka Pawlak, Efstratios Karagiannidis, Roderick Treskes, Dan Gaita, John F Beltrame, Alex McConnachie, Isabel Bardinet, Ian Graham, Marcus Flather, Perry Elliott, Elias A Mossialos, Franz Weidinger, Stephan Achenbach, Atlas Writing Group, European Society of Cardiology, Lezha Mimoza, Goda Artan, Demiraj Aurel, Mohammed Chettibi, Naima Hammoudi, Katarine Vardanyan, Sergey Pepoyan, Hamayak Sisakian, Daniel Scherr, Peter Siostrzonek, Bernhard Metzer, Isah Mustafayev, Tofig Jahangirov, Yasmin Rustamova, Natalya Mitkovskaya, Natalya Shibeka, Valeriy Stelmashok, Michel De Pauw, Patrizio Lancellotti, Marc Claeys, Zumreta Kušljugić, Alen Džubur, Elnur Smajić, Mariya Tokmakova, Vassil Traykov, Davor Milicic, Marijan Pasalic, Sasa Pavasovic, Theodoros Christodoulides, Ilias Papasavvas, Christos Eftychiou, Aleš Linhart, Miloš Táborský, Martin Hutyra, Jacob Thorsted Sørensen, Mads Jønsson Andersen, Steen Dalby Kristensen, Magdy Abdelhamid, Khaled Shokry, Priit Kampus, Mika Laine, Matti Niemelä, Bernard Iung, Ariel Cohen, Christophe Leclercq, Dali Trapaidze, Kakhaber Etsadashvili, Alexander Aladashvili, Kurt Bestehorn, Stephan Baldus, Andreas M Zeiher, John Kanakakis, Alexandria Patrianakos, Christina Chrysohoou, Zoltán Csanádi, Dávid Becker, Zoltán Járai, Þórdís Jóna Hrafnkelsdóttir, Vincent Maher, Jim Crowley, Barbra Dalton, Arik Wolak, Eyal Ben Assa, Barak Zafrir, Adriano Murrone, Carmen Spaccarotella, Stefano Urbinati, Berkinbayev Salim, Sakhov Orazbek, Abdrakhmanov Ayan, Gani Bajraktari, Docor Afrim Poniku, Mirrakhimov Erkin, Abilova Saamay, Kalysov Kurban, Andrejs Erglis, Sanda Jegere, Iveta Bajare, Malek Mohammed, Antoine Sarkis, Georges Saadeh, Rimvydas Šlapikas, Tomas Lapinskas, Jelena Čelutkienė, Khaled Ellafi, Fathi El Ghamari, Jean Beissel, Cristiana Banu, Tiziana Felice, Robert Xuereb, Mihail Popovici, Dorin Lisii, Victor Rudi, Aneta Boskovic, Miroslav Rabrenovic, Samir Ztot, Saadia Abir-Khalil, J G Meeder, A C van Rossum, M Elsendoorn, Jorgo Kostov, Elizabeta Srbinovska Kostovska, Sasko Kedev, Kristin Angel, Ole Christian Mjølstad, Øyvind Bleie, Marek Gierlotka, Rafał Dąbrowski, Piotr Jankowski, Sérgio Bravo Baptista, Jorge Ferreira, Victor Gil, Elisabeta Badila, Dan Gaita, Bogdan A Popescu, Evgeny Shlyakhto, Nadezhda Zvartau, Evgenia Kotova, Marina Foscoli, Marco Zavatta, Sinisa Stojkovic, Milorad Tesic, Stefan Juricic, Gabriela Kaliská, Robert Hatala, Peter Hlivák, Zlatko Fras, Matjaž Bunc, Andrej Pernat, Ángel Cequier, Manuel Anguita, Javier Muñiz, Bengt Johansson, Pyotr Platonov, David Carballo, Marjam Rüdiger-Stürchler, Felix C Tanner, Hussam Eddin Shebli, Samer Kabbani, Leila Abid, Addad Faouzi, Salem Abdessalem, Vedat Aytekin, Ilyas Atar, V Kovalenko, E Nesukay, Andrew Archbold, Upasana Tayal, Chris Wilkinson, Ravshanbek Kurbanov, Khurshid Fozilov, Mirakhmadjon Mirmaksudov, Dennis Boateng, Ghislain Daval, Ganna Momotyuk, David Sebastiao
Abstract
Aims: This report from the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Atlas Project updates and expands upon the widely cited 2019 report in presenting cardiovascular disease (CVD) statistics for the 57 ESC member countries.
Methods and results: Statistics pertaining to 2019, or the latest available year, are presented. Data sources include the World Health Organization, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, the World Bank, and novel ESC sponsored data on human and capital infrastructure and cardiovascular healthcare delivery. New material in this report includes sociodemographic and environmental determinants of CVD, rheumatic heart disease, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, left-sided valvular heart disease, the advocacy potential of these CVD statistics, and progress towards World Health Organization (WHO) 2025 targets for non-communicable diseases. Salient observations in this report: (i) Females born in ESC member countries in 2018 are expected to live 80.8 years and males 74.8 years. Life expectancy is longer in high income (81.6 years) compared with middle-income (74.2 years) countries. (ii) In 2018, high-income countries spent, on average, four times more on healthcare than middle-income countries. (iii) The median PM2.5 concentrations in 2019 were over twice as high in middle-income ESC member countries compared with high-income countries and exceeded the EU air quality standard in 14 countries, all middle-income. (iv) In 2016, more than one in five adults across the ESC member countries were obese with similar prevalence in high and low-income countries. The prevalence of obesity has more than doubled over the past 35 years. (v) The burden of CVD falls hardest on middle-income ESC member countries where estimated incidence rates are ∼30% higher compared with high-income countries. This is reflected in disability-adjusted life years due to CVD which are nearly four times as high in middle-income compared with high-income countries. (vi) The incidence of calcific aortic valve disease has increased seven-fold during the last 30 years, with age-standardized rates four times as high in high-income compared with middle-income countries. (vii) Although the total number of CVD deaths across all countries far exceeds the number of cancer deaths for both sexes, there are 15 ESC member countries in which cancer accounts for more deaths than CVD in males and five-member countries in which cancer accounts for more deaths than CVD in females. (viii) The under-resourced status of middle-income countries is associated with a severe procedural deficit compared with high-income countries in terms of coronary intervention, ablation procedures, device implantation, and cardiac surgical procedures.
Conclusion: Risk factors and unhealthy behaviours are potentially reversible, and this provides a huge opportunity to address the health inequalities across ESC member countries that are highlighted in this report. It seems clear, however, that efforts to seize this opportunity are falling short and present evidence suggests that most of the WHO NCD targets for 2025 are unlikely to be met across ESC member countries.
Keywords: Cardiovascular disease; European Society of Cardiology; Health infrastructure; Morbidity; Mortality; Risk factors; Service provision; Statistics.
© The European Society of Cardiology 2022. All rights reserved. For permissions please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.
Source: PubMed