Folic acid fortification of double fortified salt

Oluwasegun Modupe, Juveria Siddiqui, Akhila Jonnalagadda, Levente L Diosady, Oluwasegun Modupe, Juveria Siddiqui, Akhila Jonnalagadda, Levente L Diosady

Abstract

The addition of folic acid to Double Fortified Salt (with iron and iodine) aims to simultaneously ameliorate three major micronutrient deficiencies in vulnerable populations. To make Triple Fortified Salt, we added folic acid to the iodine solution (first method) and the iron premix (second method) that are used to fortify salt with iron and iodine. When added through the solution, sodium carbonate was needed to dissolve folic acid and to adjust pH. Alternately, folic acid was added either to the iron core or sandwiched between the core and TiO2 layer of the iron premix. Folic acid and iodine were stable in all cases, retaining more than 70% of the added micronutrients after six months at 45 °C/60-70% relative hu. Adding folic acid to the premix's iron core is preferred as folic acid retention was slightly higher, and the added folic acid did not impact the salt's colour. The additional cost for adding the micronutrients to salt is about 27¢/person per year. Folic acid in the fortified salt made with the preferred method was stable in cooking and did not affect selected cooked foods' sensory properties. The technology is a cost-effective approach for simultaneously combating iron, iodine, and folic acid deficiencies.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

© 2021. The Author(s).

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Mass spectrum of folic acid in spray solution (a) folic acid in sodium carbonate solution (b) folic acid and potassium iodate in sodium carbonate solution.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(A) Stability of iodine and folic acid in TFS formulated with Fe-FA premix. (B) Schematic of the two designs for iron-folic acid premix and how one of the premix samples (Fe extrude + FA) was made (Fe + FA) has both iron and folic acid in the core of the premix; (Feextrude + FA) has folic acid separated by a tiny layer of TiO2 in the premix; (Fe) has only iron in the premix, and folic acid and iodine was added as a solution.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(A) Sample of the zero- and first-order degradation kinetics of iodine in a fortified salt; (B) Sample of the Arrhenius plot for the zero- and first-order degradation kinetics of iodine in a fortified salt.

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