SmokeHaz: Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses of the Effects of Smoking on Respiratory Health
Leah Jayes, Patricia L Haslam, Christina G Gratziou, Pippa Powell, John Britton, Constantine Vardavas, Carlos Jimenez-Ruiz, Jo Leonardi-Bee, Tobacco Control Committee of the European Respiratory Society, Bertrand Dautzenberg, Bo Lundbäck, Monica Fletcher, Archie Turnbull, Paraskevi Katsaounou, Dick Heederik, Dan Smyth, Sofia Ravara, Jean-Paul Sculier, Fernando Martin, Jose Ignacio De Grada Orive, Leah Jayes, Patricia L Haslam, Christina G Gratziou, Pippa Powell, John Britton, Constantine Vardavas, Carlos Jimenez-Ruiz, Jo Leonardi-Bee, Tobacco Control Committee of the European Respiratory Society, Bertrand Dautzenberg, Bo Lundbäck, Monica Fletcher, Archie Turnbull, Paraskevi Katsaounou, Dick Heederik, Dan Smyth, Sofia Ravara, Jean-Paul Sculier, Fernando Martin, Jose Ignacio De Grada Orive
Abstract
Background: Smoking tobacco increases the risk of respiratory disease in adults and children, but communicating the magnitude of these effects in a scientific manner that is accessible and usable by the public and policymakers presents a challenge. We have therefore summarized scientific data on the impact of smoking on respiratory diseases to provide the content for a unique resource, SmokeHaz.
Methods: We conducted systematic reviews and meta-analyses of longitudinal studies (published to 2013) identified from electronic databases, gray literature, and experts. Random effect meta-analyses were used to pool the findings.
Results: We included 216 articles. Among adult smokers, we confirmed substantially increased risks of lung cancer (risk ratio (RR), 10.92; 95% CI, 8.28-14.40; 34 studies), COPD (RR, 4.01; 95% CI, 3.18-5.05; 22 studies), and asthma (RR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.07-2.42; eight studies). Exposure to passive smoke significantly increased the risk of lung cancer in adult nonsmokers and increased the risks of asthma, wheeze, lower respiratory infections, and reduced lung function in children. Smoking significantly increased the risk of sleep apnea and asthma exacerbations in adult and pregnant populations, and active and passive smoking increased the risk of tuberculosis.
Conclusions: These findings have been translated into easily digestible content and published on the SmokeHaz website.
Keywords: health risks; lung diseases; meta-analysis; passive smoking; policymakers; public awareness; respiratory diseases; smoking; systematic review.
Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Source: PubMed