2021 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations: Summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, Implementation, and Teams; First Aid Task Forces; and the COVID-19 Working Group

Myra H Wyckoff, Eunice M Singletary, Jasmeet Soar, Theresa M Olasveengen, Robert Greif, Helen G Liley, David Zideman, Farhan Bhanji, Lars W Andersen, Suzanne R Avis, Khalid Aziz, Jason C Bendall, David C Berry, Vere Borra, Bernd W Böttiger, Richard Bradley, Janet E Bray, Jan Breckwoldt, Jestin N Carlson, Pascal Cassan, Maaret Castrén, Wei-Tien Chang, Nathan P Charlton, Adam Cheng, Sung Phil Chung, Julie Considine, Daniela T Costa-Nobre, Keith Couper, Katie N Dainty, Peter G Davis, Maria Fernanda de Almeida, Allan R de Caen, Edison F de Paiva, Charles D Deakin, Therese Djärv, Matthew J Douma, Ian R Drennan, Jonathan P Duff, Kathryn J Eastwood, Walid El-Naggar, Jonathan L Epstein, Raffo Escalante, Jorge G Fabres, Joe Fawke, Judith C Finn, Elizabeth E Foglia, Fredrik Folke, Karoline Freeman, Elaine Gilfoyle, Craig A Goolsby, Amy Grove, Ruth Guinsburg, Tetsuo Hatanaka, Mary Fran Hazinski, George S Heriot, Karen G Hirsch, Mathias J Holmberg, Shigeharu Hosono, Ming-Ju Hsieh, Kevin K C Hung, Cindy H Hsu, Takanari Ikeyama, Tetsuya Isayama, Vishal S Kapadia, Mandira Daripa Kawakami, Han-Suk Kim, David A Kloeck, Peter J Kudenchuk, Anthony T Lagina, Kasper G Lauridsen, Eric J Lavonas, Andrew S Lockey, Carolina Malta Hansen, David Markenson, Tasuku Matsuyama, Christopher J D McKinlay, Amin Mehrabian, Raina M Merchant, Daniel Meyran, Peter T Morley, Laurie J Morrison, Kevin J Nation, Michael Nemeth, Robert W Neumar, Tonia Nicholson, Susan Niermeyer, Nikolaos Nikolaou, Chika Nishiyama, Brian J O'Neil, Aaron M Orkin, Osokogu Osemeke, Michael J Parr, Catherine Patocka, Jeffrey L Pellegrino, Gavin D Perkins, Jeffrey M Perlman, Yacov Rabi, Joshua C Reynolds, Giuseppe Ristagno, Charles C Roehr, Tetsuya Sakamoto, Claudio Sandroni, Taylor Sawyer, Georg M Schmölzer, Sebastian Schnaubelt, Federico Semeraro, Markus B Skrifvars, Christopher M Smith, Michael A Smyth, Roger F Soll, Takahiro Sugiura, Sian Taylor-Phillips, Daniele Trevisanuto, Christian Vaillancourt, Tzong-Luen Wang, Gary M Weiner, Michelle Welsford, Jane Wigginton, Jonathan P Wyllie, Joyce Yeung, Jerry P Nolan, Katherine M Berg, COVID-19 Working Group, Cristian Abelairas-Gómez, Roberto Barcala-Furelos, Stephen B Beerman, Joost Bierens, Sofia Cacciola, Jacqueline Cellini, Andreas Claesson, Rachael Court, Sonia D'Arrigo, Niels De Brier, Cody L Dunne, Hylmar E Elsenga, Samantha Johnson, Gunn Kleven, Ian Maconochie, Tom Mecrow, Patrick Morgan, Quentin Otto, Tina L Palmieri, Sam Parnia, Rahul Pawar, João Pereira, Sarah Rudd, Andrea Scapigliati, Andrew Schmidt, Jeroen Seesink, Justin R Sempsrott, David Szpilman, David S Warner, Jonathon B Webber, Rebecca L West, Myra H Wyckoff, Eunice M Singletary, Jasmeet Soar, Theresa M Olasveengen, Robert Greif, Helen G Liley, David Zideman, Farhan Bhanji, Lars W Andersen, Suzanne R Avis, Khalid Aziz, Jason C Bendall, David C Berry, Vere Borra, Bernd W Böttiger, Richard Bradley, Janet E Bray, Jan Breckwoldt, Jestin N Carlson, Pascal Cassan, Maaret Castrén, Wei-Tien Chang, Nathan P Charlton, Adam Cheng, Sung Phil Chung, Julie Considine, Daniela T Costa-Nobre, Keith Couper, Katie N Dainty, Peter G Davis, Maria Fernanda de Almeida, Allan R de Caen, Edison F de Paiva, Charles D Deakin, Therese Djärv, Matthew J Douma, Ian R Drennan, Jonathan P Duff, Kathryn J Eastwood, Walid El-Naggar, Jonathan L Epstein, Raffo Escalante, Jorge G Fabres, Joe Fawke, Judith C Finn, Elizabeth E Foglia, Fredrik Folke, Karoline Freeman, Elaine Gilfoyle, Craig A Goolsby, Amy Grove, Ruth Guinsburg, Tetsuo Hatanaka, Mary Fran Hazinski, George S Heriot, Karen G Hirsch, Mathias J Holmberg, Shigeharu Hosono, Ming-Ju Hsieh, Kevin K C Hung, Cindy H Hsu, Takanari Ikeyama, Tetsuya Isayama, Vishal S Kapadia, Mandira Daripa Kawakami, Han-Suk Kim, David A Kloeck, Peter J Kudenchuk, Anthony T Lagina, Kasper G Lauridsen, Eric J Lavonas, Andrew S Lockey, Carolina Malta Hansen, David Markenson, Tasuku Matsuyama, Christopher J D McKinlay, Amin Mehrabian, Raina M Merchant, Daniel Meyran, Peter T Morley, Laurie J Morrison, Kevin J Nation, Michael Nemeth, Robert W Neumar, Tonia Nicholson, Susan Niermeyer, Nikolaos Nikolaou, Chika Nishiyama, Brian J O'Neil, Aaron M Orkin, Osokogu Osemeke, Michael J Parr, Catherine Patocka, Jeffrey L Pellegrino, Gavin D Perkins, Jeffrey M Perlman, Yacov Rabi, Joshua C Reynolds, Giuseppe Ristagno, Charles C Roehr, Tetsuya Sakamoto, Claudio Sandroni, Taylor Sawyer, Georg M Schmölzer, Sebastian Schnaubelt, Federico Semeraro, Markus B Skrifvars, Christopher M Smith, Michael A Smyth, Roger F Soll, Takahiro Sugiura, Sian Taylor-Phillips, Daniele Trevisanuto, Christian Vaillancourt, Tzong-Luen Wang, Gary M Weiner, Michelle Welsford, Jane Wigginton, Jonathan P Wyllie, Joyce Yeung, Jerry P Nolan, Katherine M Berg, COVID-19 Working Group, Cristian Abelairas-Gómez, Roberto Barcala-Furelos, Stephen B Beerman, Joost Bierens, Sofia Cacciola, Jacqueline Cellini, Andreas Claesson, Rachael Court, Sonia D'Arrigo, Niels De Brier, Cody L Dunne, Hylmar E Elsenga, Samantha Johnson, Gunn Kleven, Ian Maconochie, Tom Mecrow, Patrick Morgan, Quentin Otto, Tina L Palmieri, Sam Parnia, Rahul Pawar, João Pereira, Sarah Rudd, Andrea Scapigliati, Andrew Schmidt, Jeroen Seesink, Justin R Sempsrott, David Szpilman, David S Warner, Jonathon B Webber, Rebecca L West

Abstract

The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation initiated a continuous review of new, peer-reviewed published cardiopulmonary resuscitation science. This is the fifth annual summary of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations; a more comprehensive review was done in 2020. This latest summary addresses the most recently published resuscitation evidence reviewed by International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task force science experts. Topics covered by systematic reviews in this summary include resuscitation topics of video-based dispatch systems; head-up cardiopulmonary resuscitation; early coronary angiography after return of spontaneous circulation; cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the prone patient; cord management at birth for preterm and term infants; devices for administering positive-pressure ventilation at birth; family presence during neonatal resuscitation; self-directed, digitally based basic life support education and training in adults and children; coronavirus disease 2019 infection risk to rescuers from patients in cardiac arrest; and first aid topics, including cooling with water for thermal burns, oral rehydration for exertional dehydration, pediatric tourniquet use, and methods of tick removal. Members from 6 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task forces have assessed, discussed, and debated the quality of the evidence, according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria, and their statements include consensus treatment recommendations or good practice statements. Insights into the deliberations of the task forces are provided in Justification and Evidence-to-Decision Framework Highlights sections. In addition, the task forces listed priority knowledge gaps for further research.

Keywords: AHA Scientific Statements; Advanced cardiac life support; Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; First aid; Health plan implementation; Infant, newborn.

Copyright © 2021 European Resuscitation Council, American Heart Association, Inc. and International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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