Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Compensatory Measures

Parul Pahal, Muhammad F. Hashmi, Sandeep Sharma, Parul Pahal, Muhammad F. Hashmi, Sandeep Sharma

Excerpt

According to epidemiological data, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is expected to be the third leading cause of death. Although the prognosis of these patients is improving with new treatment modalities, the mortality in these patients is still high.

Tobacco smoking accounts for most cases of COPD in developed nations. The severity of the disease depends on the number of pack-years smoked and the duration of smoking, leading to progressive lung function loss due to alveolar damage. However, in developing countries, environmental pollutants are the major cause of COPD. Nearly 90% of COPD-related mortality among individuals younger than 70 years of age occurs in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). This increased mortality in LMIC is due to the use of biomass fuel to generate energy modes. Specifically, residues from the agricultural crop and firewood are the commonly used biomass fuel. Due to the burning of biomass fuel, there are toxic fumes in the air in the form of particulate matter consisting of carbon monoxide, polyaromatic and poly-organic hydrocarbons, and formaldehyde.

Many COPD patients develop acute exacerbation and are admitted to intensive care units (ICU). Many factors affect the outcome, and one of the most important factors is the acid-base disorder in COPD patients. The function and clinical significance of COPD are discussed in this review article. The natural history, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of COPD are discussed in another article.

Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure: Parul Pahal declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies.

Disclosure: Muhammad Hashmi declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies.

Disclosure: Sandeep Sharma declares no relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies.

Copyright © 2023, StatPearls Publishing LLC.

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