Variant Purification of an Allogeneic Bone Block

Jonas Lorenz, Markus Schlee, Sarah Al-Maawi, Poju Chia, Robert A Sader, Shahram Ghanaati, Jonas Lorenz, Markus Schlee, Sarah Al-Maawi, Poju Chia, Robert A Sader, Shahram Ghanaati

Abstract

Objective: This short communication reports on a histological analysis of the composition of the commercially available Maxgraft® allogeneic bone block.

Materials and methods: Based on previously published, easily applicable histological methods, blanc samples of the Maxgraft® allogeneic bone block have been decalcified, dehydrated and embedded in paraffin before histological and histochemical staining. Afterwards, the slides were evaluated for their material characteristics, such as the bone matrix structure and other components, including collagen or cells/cell remnants.

Results: The results show that this bone block exhibits a trabecular structure with lamellar sub-organization. Additionally, cellular remnants within the osteocyte lacunae and at the outer trabecular surfaces reside together with remnants of the former inter-trabecular fatty and connective tissue, i.e., collagenous structures and connective tissue cells or cell remnants.

Conclusion: Consistent with a previous study on this topic, the data presented here demonstrate that some of the certified purification techniques might not allow for the production of allogeneic materials free of organic cell and tissue components.

Keywords: Bone Substitutes; Purity; Tissue Engineering; Transplantation, homologous.

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Histological images of the Maxgraft® allogeneic bone block with a focus on its (ultra-) structure and composition. (A) A cross-section of the bone block illustrates the trabecular structure of the inorganic bone matrix (black asterisks). Fragments of bone matrix (black arrows) can be regularly observed within the interspaces of the trabeculae fragments (Masson Goldner-staining, “total scan”, 100 x magnification). (B) The bone matrix (asterisk) exhibits a lamellar sub-arrangement. In most of the osteocyte lacunae cells or cell remnants (red arrowheads) were found with only a few empty lacunae (green arrowheads). Cells/cell remnants and extracellular matrix are also apparent in the Haversian channels (blue arrow) (Giemsa-staining, 400x magnification, scale bar = 10 µm). (C) At the outer surfaces of the bone matrix (asterisks), cells or cellular remnants are identified (arrows). In addition to mononuclear cells (cyan arrows), multinucleated cells (red arrow) are detected (Giemsa-staining, 400x magnification, scale bar = 10 µm). (D) and (E) Within the trabecular interspaces, fatty-like tissue structures (black arrowheads in D) and connective tissue-like strands include both cells or cellular remnants (cyan arrows in E) and extracellular matrix (yellow asterisk in E) (bone matrix = asterisk) (D: Masson-Goldner-staining, 200x magnification; E = Giemsa-staining, 400x magnification, scale bars = 10 µm).

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