Neurological and Psychological Effects of Coronavirus (COVID-19): An Overview of the Current Era Pandemic

Jawaria Rahman, Abilash Muralidharan, Sohail J Quazi, Hajra Saleem, Safeera Khan, Jawaria Rahman, Abilash Muralidharan, Sohail J Quazi, Hajra Saleem, Safeera Khan

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) is a catastrophic illness that has significantly altered the world's panoramic view of medicine. As the number of cases around the globe rise, the COVID-19 research writing has been immediately enhanced by professionals internationally. In this review, we focus on the neurological and psychological effects of COVID-19, which can determine both the severity of coronavirus and its related pandemic respectively. While it is critical to distinguish the neurological manifestations from the psychological effects, the latter is becoming more pervasive due to the fast-expanding outbreak. We conducted a systematic review and included observational retrospective, case-series studies, and surveys to establish the largest pool of valuable research. Articles on these approaches were conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google scholar. Some gray material was also selected because of the recent nature of the disease. Data collected from the studies have proposed that COVID-19 is not unusual in demonstrating the neurological symptoms, as it proved in the past by its sister coronaviruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-1 (SARS-COV-1) and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-COV). Studies have presented that some patients with COVID-19 also showed neurological signs, such as headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, loss of taste and smell, and impaired consciousness. However, it necessary to clarify that the invasion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) directly or indirectly affects the central nervous system (CNS). Contrarily, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected every single element of life. It has not only changed the individual's health directly but also has significant psychological, economic, and sociological effects. These issues indicate the disease's extraordinary threat, and we must realize that another pandemic will shortly follow it: that of mental and behavioral illness. Thus, the long-lasting psychological implications of this outbreak deserve further investigation side by side.

Keywords: coronavirus; covid-19; neurological effects of coronavirus; psychological impacts of coronavirus.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Copyright © 2020, Rahman et al.

Figures

Figure 1. Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Figure 1. Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Figure 2. Comparison of different coronaviruses and…
Figure 2. Comparison of different coronaviruses and their neurological symptoms
SARS-COV-1: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-1; MERS: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus; SARS-COV-2: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2; ACE-2: angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptors; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid
Figure 3. Panic buying after COVID-19 confirmed…
Figure 3. Panic buying after COVID-19 confirmed as pandemic
Figure 4. Lai's cross-sectional survey-based study presents…
Figure 4. Lai's cross-sectional survey-based study presents percentages of healthcare workers showing mental symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic
Figure 5. Ipsos MORI survey presenting psychological…
Figure 5. Ipsos MORI survey presenting psychological and mental concerns among the general population during COVID-19 pandemic

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