The Potential Use of Near- and Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy in Kidney Diseases

Charlotte Delrue, Sander De Bruyne, Marijn M Speeckaert, Charlotte Delrue, Sander De Bruyne, Marijn M Speeckaert

Abstract

Traditional renal biomarkers such as serum creatinine and albuminuria/proteinuria are rather insensitive since they change later in the course of the disease. In order to determine the extent and type of kidney injury, as well as to administer the proper therapy and enhance patient management, new techniques for the detection of deterioration of the kidney function are urgently needed. Infrared spectroscopy is a label-free and non-destructive technique having the potential to be a vital tool for quick and inexpensive routine clinical diagnosis of kidney disorders. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of near- and mid-infrared spectroscopy applications in patients with acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease (e.g., diabetic nephropathy and glomerulonephritis).

Keywords: attenuated total reflectance-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy; infrared spectroscopy; kidney diseases; mid-infrared; near-infrared.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Typical MIR spectrum measured using attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared (ATR–FTIR) spectroscopy of a biological sample showing peak assignments from 4000 to 800 cm−1. V: stretching vibrations, δ: bending vibrations, s: symmetric vibrations, as: asymmetric vibrations.

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