Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment of Neurological Diseases

Fahad A Somaa, Tom A de Graaf, Alexander T Sack, Fahad A Somaa, Tom A de Graaf, Alexander T Sack

Abstract

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) has widespread use in research and clinical application. For psychiatric applications, such as depression or OCD, repetitive TMS protocols (rTMS) are an established and globally applied treatment option. While promising, rTMS is not yet as common in treating neurological diseases, except for neurorehabilitation after (motor) stroke and neuropathic pain treatment. This may soon change. New clinical studies testing the potential of rTMS in various other neurological conditions appear at a rapid pace. This can prove challenging for both practitioners and clinical researchers. Although most of these neurological applications have not yet received the same level of scientific/empirical scrutiny as motor stroke and neuropathic pain, the results are encouraging, opening new doors for TMS in neurology. We here review the latest clinical evidence for rTMS in pioneering neurological applications including movement disorders, Alzheimer's disease/mild cognitive impairment, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and disorders of consciousness.

Keywords: Alzheimer; Parkinson; epilepsy; migraine; movement disorder; stroke; transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).

Conflict of interest statement

AS is Chief Scientific Advisor for PlatoScience and Alphasys; as well as Director of the International Clinical TMS Certification Course (www.tmscourse.eu). The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Copyright © 2022 Somaa, de Graaf and Sack.

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