Position Statement: Exercise Guidelines to Increase Peak Bone Mass in Adolescents

Seok-Ki Min, Taewoong Oh, Sang Hyun Kim, Jinkyung Cho, Ho Yeon Chung, Dong-Ho Park, Chang-Sun Kim, Seok-Ki Min, Taewoong Oh, Sang Hyun Kim, Jinkyung Cho, Ho Yeon Chung, Dong-Ho Park, Chang-Sun Kim

Abstract

Background: An increase in bone mineral density during adolescence increases resistance to fractures in older age. The Korean Society for Bone and Mineral Research and the Korean Society of Exercise Physiology developed exercise guidelines to increase the peak bone mass (PBM) in adolescents based on evidence through a systematic review of previous research.

Methods: Articles were selected using the systematic method, and the exercise guidelines were established by selecting key questions (KQs) and defining the effects of exercises based on evidence through a literature review for selecting the final exercise method. There were 9 KQs. An online search was conducted on articles published since 2000, and 93 articles were identified.

Results: An increase in PBM in adolescence was effective for preventing osteoporosis and fractures in older age. Exercise programs as part of vigorous physical activity (VPA) including resistance and impact exercise at least 5 to 6 months were effective for improving PBM in adolescents. It is recommended that resistance exercise is performed 10 to 12 rep·set-1 1-2 set·region-1 and 3 days·week-1 using the large muscles. For impact exercises such as jumping, it is recommended that the exercise is performed at least 50 jumps·min-1, 10 min·day-1 and 2 days·week-1.

Conclusions: Exercise guidelines were successfully developed, and they recommend at least 5 to 6 months of VPA, which includes both resistance and impact exercises. With the development of exercise guidelines, the incidence of osteoporosis and fractures in the aging society can be reduced in the future, thus contributing to improved public health.

Keywords: Adolescent; Bone density; Exercise.

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest: No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Copyright © 2019 The Korean Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

Figures

Fig. 1. Flowchart of the systematic search…
Fig. 1. Flowchart of the systematic search of literature and selection process for the development of guideline for adolescents.
Fig. 2. Exercise guidelines for increasing peak…
Fig. 2. Exercise guidelines for increasing peak bone mass (PBM) in adolescence. VPA, vigorous physical activity.

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