Associations between Specific Redox Biomarkers and Age in a Large European Cohort: The MARK-AGE Project

Daniela Weber, Wolfgang Stuetz, Olivier Toussaint, Florence Debacq-Chainiaux, Martijn E T Dollé, Eugène Jansen, Efstathios S Gonos, Claudio Franceschi, Ewa Sikora, Antti Hervonen, Nicolle Breusing, Thilo Sindlinger, María Moreno-Villanueva, Alexander Bürkle, Tilman Grune, Daniela Weber, Wolfgang Stuetz, Olivier Toussaint, Florence Debacq-Chainiaux, Martijn E T Dollé, Eugène Jansen, Efstathios S Gonos, Claudio Franceschi, Ewa Sikora, Antti Hervonen, Nicolle Breusing, Thilo Sindlinger, María Moreno-Villanueva, Alexander Bürkle, Tilman Grune

Abstract

Oxidative stress and antioxidants play a role in age-related diseases and in the aging process. We here present data on protein carbonyls, 3-nitrotyrosine, malondialdehyde, and cellular and plasma antioxidants (glutathione, cysteine, ascorbic acid, uric acid, α-tocopherol, and lycopene) and their relation with age in the European multicenter study MARK-AGE. To avoid confounding, only data from countries which recruited subjects from all three study groups (five of eight centers) and only participants aged ≥55 years were selected resulting in data from 1559 participants. These included subjects from (1) the general population, (2) members from long-living families, and (3) their spouses. In addition, 683 middle-aged reference participants (35-54 years) served as a control. After adjustment for age, BMI, smoking status, gender, and country, there were differences in protein carbonyls, malondialdehyde, 3-nitrotyrosine, α-tocopherol, cysteine, and glutathione between the 3 study groups. Protein carbonyls and 3-nitrotyrosine as well as cysteine, uric acid, and lycopene were identified as independent biomarkers with the highest correlation with age. Interestingly, from all antioxidants measured, only lycopene was lower in all aged groups and from the oxidative stress biomarkers, only 3-nitrotyrosine was increased in the descendants from long-living families compared to the middle-aged control group. We conclude that both lifestyle and genetics may be important contributors to redox biomarkers in an aging population.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Classical biomarkers of oxidative stress: protein carbonyls (a), 3-nitrotyrosine (b), and malondialdehyde (c). Biomarker concentrations are displayed according to study groups (A) and age groups (B), respectively. RASIG (n = 794); GO (n = 493); SGO (n = 272). Outliers and extreme values are included in the analyses but not shown in the figure. Statistically significant differences are indicated by asterisks: ∗P < 0.05 and ∗∗∗P < 0.001.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Cysteine concentration by study groups (a) and age groups (b). RASIG (n = 794); GO (n = 493); SGO (n = 272). Outliers and extreme values are included in the analyses but not shown in the figure. Statistically significant differences are indicated by asterisks: ∗∗P < 0.01 and ∗∗∗P < 0.001.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Lycopene concentration by study groups (a) and age groups (b). RASIG (n = 794); GO (n = 493); SGO (n = 272). Outliers and extreme values are included in the analyses but not shown in the figure. Statistically significant differences are indicated by asterisks: ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, and ∗∗∗P < 0.001.

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