Invariant NKT Cells and Rheumatic Disease: Focus on Primary Sjogren Syndrome

Chiara Rizzo, Lidia La Barbera, Marianna Lo Pizzo, Francesco Ciccia, Guido Sireci, Giuliana Guggino, Chiara Rizzo, Lidia La Barbera, Marianna Lo Pizzo, Francesco Ciccia, Guido Sireci, Giuliana Guggino

Abstract

Primary Sjogren syndrome (pSS) is a complex autoimmune disease mainly affecting salivary and lacrimal glands. Several factors contribute to pSS pathogenesis; in particular, innate immunity seems to play a key role in disease etiology. Invariant natural killer (NK) T cells (iNKT) are a T-cell subset able to recognize glycolipid antigens. Their function remains unclear, but studies have pointed out their ability to modulate the immune system through the promotion of specific cytokine milieu. In this review, we discussed the possible role of iNKT in pSS development, as well as their implications as future markers of disease activity.

Keywords: Sjogren syndrome; autoimmunity; cytokines; iNKT; innate immunity.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
iNKT cells in Sjogren Syndrome. (a) in peripheral blood iNKT express low levels of chemokine receptors (CXCR3, CCR6, CCR5) on their surface. This could explain their reduced presence in salivary glands due to impaired migration. iNKT from pSS peripheral blood samples stimulated with a-GalCer produce both IL-17 and IFN-γ; (b) in the salivary gland, reduction or absence of iNKT cells determines the loss of their role as negative regulators on autoreactive B cells and the consequent in situ production of autoantibodies.

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